Ting Ye,Qijia He,Shuxiao Chen et al.
Ting Ye et al.
In an observational study, it is common to leverage known null effects to detect bias. One such strategy is to set aside a placebo sample - a subset of data immune from the hypothesized cause-and-effect relationship. Existence of an effect ...
Caleb Miles,Phyllis Kanki,Seema Meloni et al.
Caleb Miles et al.
In causal mediation analysis, nonparametric identification of the natural indirect effect typically relies on, in addition to no unobserved pre-exposure confounding, fundamental assumptions of (i) so-called "cross-world-countterfactuals" in...
Clarifying causal mediation analysis: Effect identification via three assumptions and five potential outcomes [0.03%]
澄清因果中介分析：通过三项假设和五个潜在结果识别效应
Trang Quynh Nguyen,Ian Schmid,Elizabeth L Ogburn et al.
Trang Quynh Nguyen et al.
Causal mediation analysis is complicated with multiple effect definitions that require different sets of assumptions for identification. This article provides a systematic explanation of such assumptions. We define five potential outcome ty...
Amy J Pitts,Charlotte R Fowler
Amy J Pitts
Many software packages have been developed to assist researchers in drawing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), each with unique functionality and usability. We examine five of the most common software to generate DAGs: TikZ, DAGitty, ggdag, da...
Individualized treatment rules under stochastic treatment cost constraints [0.03%]
随机治疗成本约束下的个性化治疗规则
Hongxiang Qiu,Marco Carone,Alex Luedtke
Hongxiang Qiu
Estimation and evaluation of individualized treatment rules have been studied extensively, but real-world treatment resource constraints have received limited attention in existing methods. We investigate a setting in which treatment is int...
Doubly robust estimators for generalizing treatment effects on survival outcomes from randomized controlled trials to a target population [0.03%]
关于从随机对照试验推广治疗效果的双重稳健估计器生存结果的目标人群
Dasom Lee,Shu Yang,Xiaofei Wang
Dasom Lee
In the presence of heterogeneity between the randomized controlled trial (RCT) participants and the target population, evaluating the treatment effect solely based on the RCT often leads to biased quantification of the real-world treatment ...
Decomposition of the total effect for two mediators: A natural mediated interaction effect framework [0.03%]
基于自然中介交互作用的双介体机制效应分解方法
Xin Gao,Li Li,Li Luo
Xin Gao
Mediation analysis has been used in many disciplines to explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between an exposure variable and an outcome variable via the inclusion of mediators. Decompositions of the tota...
Xiaoxuan Cai,Wen Wei Loh,Forrest W Crawford
Xiaoxuan Cai
Defining and identifying causal intervention effects for transmissible infectious disease outcomes is challenging because a treatment - such as a vaccine - given to one individual may affect the infection outcomes of others. Epidemiologists...
Post-randomization Biomarker Effect Modification Analysis in an HIV Vaccine Clinical Trial [0.03%]
艾滋病疫苗临床试验中的后随机分组标志物效应修饰分析
Peter B Gilbert,Bryan S Blette,Bryan E Shepherd et al.
Peter B Gilbert et al.
While the HVTN 505 trial showed no overall efficacy of the tested vaccine to prevent HIV infection over placebo, markers measuring immune response to vaccination were strongly correlated with infection. This finding generated the hypothesis...
Estimating Causal Effects of New Treatments Despite Self-Selection: The Case of Experimental Medical Treatments [0.03%]
新型治疗措施的选择偏差及因果效应评估——以实验性医疗手段为例分析
Chad Hazlett
Chad Hazlett
Providing terminally ill patients with access to experimental treatments, as allowed by recent "right to try" laws and "expanded access" programs, poses a variety of ethical questions. While practitioners and investigators may assume it is ...