Laura C Kim,Nicholas P Lesner,M Celeste Simon
Laura C Kim
Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for cellular bioenergetics and numerous biochemical reactions necessary for life. Solid tumors outgrow the native blood supply and diffusion limits of O2, and therefore must engage hypoxia response pathway...
Preclinical Modeling of Pathway-Targeted Therapy of Human Lung Cancer in the Mouse [0.03%]
人肺癌小鼠通路靶向治疗的临床前研究模型
Aria Vaishnavi,Conan G Kinsey,Martin McMahon
Aria Vaishnavi
Animal models, particularly genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), continue to have a transformative impact on our understanding of the initiation and progression of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Furthermore, GEMMs have...
Sophia Z Liu,Ying Ann Chiao,Peter S Rabinovitch et al.
Sophia Z Liu et al.
Changes in mitochondrial function play a critical role in the basic biology of aging and age-related disease. Mitochondria are typically thought of in the context of ATP production and oxidant production. However, it is clear that the mitoc...
History of Finding Genes and Mutations Causing Inherited Retinal Diseases [0.03%]
遗传性视网膜疾病致病基因和突变的发现历程
Stephen P Daiger,Lori S Sullivan,Elizabeth L Cadena et al.
Stephen P Daiger et al.
This is a brief history of the work by many investigators throughout the world to find genes and mutations causing inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). It largely covers 40 years, from the late-1980s through today. Perhaps the best reason to ...
Jillian R Love,Wouter R Karthaus
Jillian R Love
In the last decade, organoid technology has become a cornerstone in cancer research. Organoids are long-term primary cell cultures, usually of epithelial origin, grown in a three-dimensional (3D) protein matrix and a fully defined medium. O...
Volker Busskamp,Botond Roska,Jose-Alain Sahel
Volker Busskamp
Optogenetics has emerged over the past 20 years as a powerful tool to investigate the various circuits underlying numerous functions, especially in neuroscience. The ability to control by light the activity of neurons has enabled the develo...
Yi Zhu,Zacharias P Anastasiadis,Jair Machado Espindola Netto et al.
Yi Zhu et al.
Cellular senescence was initially described in the early 1960s by Hayflick and Moorehead. They noted sustained cell-cycle arrest after repeated subculturing of human primary cells. Over half a century later, cellular senescence has become r...
Alec C Kimmelman,Mara H Sherman
Alec C Kimmelman
The altered metabolism of tumor cells is a well-known hallmark of cancer and is driven by multiple factors such as mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, the origin of the tissue where the tumor arises, and the microenvironment ...
Patient-Derived-Xenografts in Mice: A Preclinical Platform for Cancer Research [0.03%]
人源肿瘤异种移植小鼠模型——癌症研究中的前临床药物筛选平台
Emiliano Cocco,Elisa de Stanchina
Emiliano Cocco
The use of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) has dramatically improved drug development programs. PDXs (1) reproduce the pathological features and the genomic profile of the parental tumors more precisely than other preclinical models, and ...
Current Status of Clinical Trials Design and Outcomes in Retinal Gene Therapy [0.03%]
视网膜基因治疗临床试验的设计和结局的现状
Boris Rosin,Eyal Banin,Jose-Alain Sahel
Boris Rosin
With the rapid expansion of methods encompassed by the term gene therapy, new trials exploring the safety and efficacy of these methods are initiated more frequently. As a result, important questions arise pertaining the design of these tri...