Ralph A DeFronzo,Ele Ferrannini,Leif Groop et al.
Ralph A DeFronzo et al.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding global health problem, closely linked to the epidemic of obesity. Individuals with T2DM are at high risk for both microvascular complications (including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy...
Patent foramen ovale [0.03%]
卵圆孔未闭专利题意
Shunichi Homma,Steven R Messé,Tatjana Rundek et al.
Shunichi Homma et al.
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common congenital heart abnormality of fetal origin and is present in approximately ∼25% of the worldwide adult population. PFO is the consequence of failed closure of the foramen ovale, a normal stru...
Alzheimer's disease [0.03%]
阿尔茨海默病
Colin L Masters,Randall Bateman,Kaj Blennow et al.
Colin L Masters et al.
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic illness with long preclinical and prodromal phases (20 years) and an average clinical duration of 8-10 years. The disease has an estimated prevalence of 10-30% in the population >65 years of age with an inci...
Diabetic kidney disease [0.03%]
糖尿病肾病
Merlin C Thomas,Michael Brownlee,Katalin Susztak et al.
Merlin C Thomas et al.
The kidney is arguably the most important target of microvascular damage in diabetes. A substantial proportion of individuals with diabetes will develop kidney disease owing to their disease and/or other co-morbidity, including hypertension...
Jonathan R Carapetis,Andrea Beaton,Madeleine W Cunningham et al.
Jonathan R Carapetis et al.
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is the result of an autoimmune response to pharyngitis caused by infection with group A Streptococcus. The long-term damage to cardiac valves caused by ARF, which can result from a single severe episode or from m...
Huntington disease [0.03%]
亨廷顿病
Gillian P Bates,Ray Dorsey,James F Gusella et al.
Gillian P Bates et al.
Huntington disease is devastating to patients and their families - with autosomal dominant inheritance, onset typically in the prime of adult life, progressive course, and a combination of motor, cognitive and behavioural features. The dise...
Michael Weller,Wolfgang Wick,Ken Aldape et al.
Michael Weller et al.
Gliomas are primary brain tumours that are thought to derive from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. On the basis of their histological appearance, they have been traditionally classified as astrocytic, oligodendroglial or ependymal tumou...
Kidney stones [0.03%]
肾结石
Saeed R Khan,Margaret S Pearle,William G Robertson et al.
Saeed R Khan et al.
Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the renal calyces and pelvis that are found free or attached to the renal papillae. They contain crystalline and organic components and are formed when the urine becomes supersaturated with respect to a...
Cerebral palsy [0.03%]
脑性麻痹
H Kerr Graham,Peter Rosenbaum,Nigel Paneth et al.
H Kerr Graham et al.
Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of childhood-onset, lifelong physical disability in most countries, affecting about 1 in 500 neonates with an estimated prevalence of 17 million people worldwide. Cerebral palsy is not a disease entit...
Anne A Gershon,Judith Breuer,Jeffrey I Cohen et al.
Anne A Gershon et al.
Infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox), which can be severe in immunocompromised individuals, infants and adults. Primary infection is followed by latency in ganglionic neurons. During this period, no viru...