Alex C Kim,Ferdous M Barlaskar,Joanne H Heaton et al.
Alex C Kim et al.
Scientists have long hypothesized the existence of tissue-specific (somatic) stem cells and have searched for their location in different organs. The theory that adrenocortical organ homeostasis is maintained by undifferentiated stem or pro...
Stem cells to pancreatic beta-cells: new sources for diabetes cell therapy [0.03%]
干细胞至胰岛β细胞：糖尿病细胞治疗的新来源
Tingxia Guo,Matthias Hebrok
Tingxia Guo
The number of patients worldwide suffering from the chronic disease diabetes mellitus is growing at an alarming rate. Insulin-secreting beta-cells in the islet of Langerhans are damaged to different extents in diabetic patients, either thro...
History of aromatase: saga of an important biological mediator and therapeutic target [0.03%]
雌激素合成酶芳香化酶的发展史及其在生命活动和疾病治疗中的作用综述
R J Santen,H Brodie,E R Simpson et al.
R J Santen et al.
Aromatase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Initial studies of its enzymatic activity and function took place in an environment focused on estrogen as a component of the birth control pill. At an early s...
Bernard Lo,Lindsay Parham
Bernard Lo
Stem cell research offers great promise for understanding basic mechanisms of human development and differentiation, as well as the hope for new treatments for diseases such as diabetes, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, and myocardi...
Instructing an embryonic stem cell-derived oocyte fate: lessons from endogenous oogenesis [0.03%]
指导胚胎干细胞来源卵母细胞命运：来自内源性卵生成的启示
Cory R Nicholas,Shawn L Chavez,Valerie L Baker et al.
Cory R Nicholas et al.
Female reproductive potential is limited in the majority of species due to oocyte depletion. Because functional human oocytes are restricted in number and accessibility, a robust system to differentiate oocytes from stem cells would enable ...
Trophoblast stem cells: models for investigating trophectoderm differentiation and placental development [0.03%]
滋养层干细胞：研究滋养外胚层分化及胎盘发育的模型
Gordon C Douglas,Catherine A VandeVoort,Priyadarsini Kumar et al.
Gordon C Douglas et al.
The placenta is an ephemeral organ containing diverse populations of trophoblasts that are all derived from the embryonic trophectoderm but have morphological, functional, and molecular diversity within and across species. In hemochorial pl...
Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects [0.03%]
生长激素对人类受试者糖类、脂质及蛋白质代谢的影响
Niels Møller,Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
Niels Møller
In evolutionary terms, GH and intracellular STAT 5 signaling is a very old regulatory system. Whereas insulin dominates periprandially, GH may be viewed as the primary anabolic hormone during stress and fasting. GH exerts anabolic effects d...
The role of the calcium-sensing receptor in the development and progression of cancer [0.03%]
钙敏感受体在癌症发生发展中的作用研究进展
Zuzana Saidak,Romuald Mentaverri,Edward M Brown
Zuzana Saidak
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is responsive to changes in the extracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)(o)) concentration. It is a member of the largest family of cell surface receptors, the G protein-coupled receptors, and it has been shown to be ...
Androgen receptor roles in spermatogenesis and fertility: lessons from testicular cell-specific androgen receptor knockout mice [0.03%]
雄激素受体在精子发生和生育力中的作用：来自睾丸细胞特异性雄激素受体敲除小鼠的启示
Ruey-Sheng Wang,Shuyuan Yeh,Chii-Ruey Tzeng et al.
Ruey-Sheng Wang et al.
Androgens are critical steroid hormones that determine the expression of the male phenotype, including the outward development of secondary sex characteristics as well as the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. Their actions are ...
Thyrotropin and homologous glycoprotein hormone receptors: structural and functional aspects of extracellular signaling mechanisms [0.03%]
促甲状腺素和同源糖蛋白激素受体：细胞外信号机制的结构与功能方面
Gunnar Kleinau,Gerd Krause
Gunnar Kleinau
The TSH receptor (TSHR) together with the homologous lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor and the follitropin receptor are glycoprotein hormone receptors (GPHRs). They constitute a subfamily of the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors...