The role of the prokineticin 2 pathway in human reproduction: evidence from the study of human and murine gene mutations [0.03%]
促动力素2信号途径在人类生殖中的作用：来自人类和小鼠基因突变研究的证据
Cecilia Martin,Ravikumar Balasubramanian,Andrew A Dwyer et al.
Cecilia Martin et al.
A widely dispersed network of hypothalamic GnRH neurons controls the reproductive axis in mammals. Genetic investigation of the human disease model of isolated GnRH deficiency has revealed several key genes crucial for GnRH neuronal ontogen...
Z Hochberg,R Feil,M Constancia et al.
Z Hochberg et al.
Plasticity in developmental programming has evolved in order to provide the best chances of survival and reproductive success to the organism under changing environments. Environmental conditions that are experienced in early life can profo...
S Piehl,C S Hoefig,T S Scanlan et al.
S Piehl et al.
Thyronamines (TAMs) are a newly identified class of endogenous signaling compounds. Their structure is identical to that of thyroid hormone and deiodinated thyroid hormone derivatives, except that TAMs do not possess a carboxylate group. De...
Osteoclast activity and subtypes as a function of physiology and pathology--implications for future treatments of osteoporosis [0.03%]
骨吸收活性与亚型的生理学和病理学功能意义及对未来治疗骨质疏松症的影响
K Henriksen,J Bollerslev,V Everts et al.
K Henriksen et al.
Osteoclasts have traditionally been associated exclusively with catabolic functions that are a prerequisite for bone resorption. However, emerging data suggest that osteoclasts also carry out functions that are important for optimal bone fo...
Aaron L Magno,Bryan K Ward,Thomas Ratajczak
Aaron L Magno
Compelling evidence of a cell surface receptor sensitive to extracellular calcium was observed as early as the 1980s and was finally realized in 1993 when the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) was cloned from bovine parathyroid tissue. Initial...
Exposing the thyroid to radiation: a review of its current extent, risks, and implications [0.03%]
放射性暴露与甲状腺癌：现状、风险及影响综述
Bridget Sinnott,Elaine Ron,Arthur B Schneider
Bridget Sinnott
Radiation exposure of the thyroid at a young age is a recognized risk factor for the development of differentiated thyroid cancer lasting for four decades and probably for a lifetime after exposure. Medical radiation exposure, however, occu...
Sabrina Basciani,Stefania Mariani,Giovanni Spera et al.
Sabrina Basciani et al.
Normal development and function of the testis are controlled by endocrine and paracrine signaling pathways. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are growth factors that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in various tissues durin...
Stanko S Stojilkovic,Joël Tabak,Richard Bertram
Stanko S Stojilkovic
Endocrine pituitary cells are neuronlike; they express numerous voltage-gated sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride channels and fire action potentials spontaneously, accompanied by a rise in intracellular calcium. In some cells, spontan...
Felice Petraglia,Alberto Imperatore,John R G Challis
Felice Petraglia
The complex mechanisms controlling human parturition involves mother, fetus, and placenta, and stress is a key element activating a series of physiological adaptive responses. Preterm birth is a clinical syndrome that shares several charact...
The evolving field of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of endocrine tumors [0.03%]
酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在内分泌肿瘤治疗中的应用及其发展
Lei Ye,Libero Santarpia,Robert F Gagel
Lei Ye
Activation of tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) and their related pathways has been associated with development of endocrine tumors. Compounds that target and inactivate the kinase function of these receptors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI...