Risks of Iodine Excess [0.03%]
碘过量的风险
Seo Young Sohn,Kosuke Inoue,Connie M Rhee et al.
Seo Young Sohn et al.
Iodine is a micronutrient that is required for thyroid hormone synthesis. The iodide cycle in thyroid hormone synthesis consists of a series of transport, oxidation, organification, and binding/coupling steps in thyroid follicular cells. Co...
Edward O List,Reetobrata Basu,Darlene E Berryman et al.
Edward O List et al.
Mouse models of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) have provided important tools for uncovering the various actions of GH. Nearly 100 years of research using these mouse lines has greatly enhanced our knowledge of the GH/IGF-1 axis. Some of th...
Shoaib Ugradar,Emil Malkhasyan,Raymond S Douglas
Shoaib Ugradar
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extra thyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). It may also present in those who are hypothyroid or euthyroid. The characteristic clinical manifestations of TED: chemosis, lid swelling, pr...
Current Challenges and Future Directions in the Assessment of Glucocorticoid Status [0.03%]
糖皮质激素水平评估的现状与未来方向
Sophie A Clarke,Pei Chia Eng,Alexander N Comninos et al.
Sophie A Clarke et al.
Glucocorticoid hormones (GC) are secreted in a circadian and ultradian rhythm and play a critical role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, with both excess and insufficient GC associated with adverse effects on health. Current assessm...
Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Guanylyl Cyclase (GC)-A and Other Membrane GC Receptors [0.03%]
依赖磷酸化的鸟苷酸环化酶(GC)-A和其他膜GC受体的调节作用
Lincoln R Potter
Lincoln R Potter
Receptor guanylyl cyclases (GCs) are single membrane spanning, multidomain enzymes, that synthesize cGMP in response to natriuretic peptides or other ligands. They are evolutionarily conserved from sea urchins to humans and regulate diverse...
The Genetic Pathophysiology and Clinical Management of the TADopathy, X-Linked Acrogigantism [0.03%]
X连锁的肢端巨大症的遗传病理生理及临床管理
Adrian F Daly,Albert Beckers
Adrian F Daly
Pituitary gigantism is a rare manifestation of chronic growth hormone (GH) excess that begins before closure of the growth plates. Nearly half of pituitary gigantism patients have an identifiable genetic cause. X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG...
Consensus Statement on Vitamin D Status Assessment and Supplementation: Whys, Whens, and Hows [0.03%]
维生素D状态评估与补充专家共识——为何、何时和如何？
Andrea Giustina,John P Bilezikian,Robert A Adler et al.
Andrea Giustina et al.
The 6th International Conference, "Controversies in Vitamin D," was convened to discuss controversial topics, such as vitamin D metabolism, assessment, actions, and supplementation. Novel insights into vitamin D mechanisms of action suggest...
David J Handelsman
David J Handelsman
Elite individual sports in which success depends on power, speed or endurance are conventionally divided into male and female events using traditional binary definitions of sex. Male puberty creates durable physical advantages due to the 20...
The Glucocorticoid Receptor: Isoforms, Functions, and Contribution to Glucocorticoid Sensitivity [0.03%]
糖皮质激素受体：异构体、功能及其对糖皮质激素敏感性的影响
Jack Lockett,Warrick J Inder,Vicki L Clifton
Jack Lockett
Glucocorticoids exert pleiotropic effects on all tissues to regulate cellular and metabolic homeostasis. Synthetic forms are used therapeutically in a wide range of conditions for their anti-inflammatory benefits, at the cost of dose and du...