11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1: translational and therapeutic aspects [0.03%]
11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶1的转化和治疗方面
Laura L Gathercole,Gareth G Lavery,Stuart A Morgan et al.
Laura L Gathercole et al.
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) interconverts the inactive glucocorticoid cortisone and its active form cortisol. It is widely expressed and, although bidirectional, in vivo it functions predominantly as an oxoreductase...
Sarah L Dallas,Matthew Prideaux,Lynda F Bonewald
Sarah L Dallas
Few investigators think of bone as an endocrine gland, even after the discovery that osteocytes produce circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 that targets the kidney and potentially other organs. In fact, until the last few years, osteocy...
Ferdinand Roelfsema,Johannes D Veldhuis
Ferdinand Roelfsema
Thyroid hormones are extremely important for metabolism, development, and growth during the lifetime. The hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis is precisely regulated for these purposes. Much of our knowledge of this hormonal axis is derived f...
Molecular characteristics of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and comparison with testicular counterparts: implications for pathogenesis [0.03%]
恶性卵巢性腺肿瘤的分子特征及其与睾丸肿瘤对比的研究：对发病机制的意义
Sigrid Marie Kraggerud,Christina E Hoei-Hansen,Sharmini Alagaratnam et al.
Sigrid Marie Kraggerud et al.
This review focuses on the molecular characteristics and development of rare malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (mOGCTs). We provide an overview of the genomic aberrations assessed by ploidy, cytogenetic banding, and comparative genomic hyb...
Evolving approaches to patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer [0.03%]
分化型甲状腺癌进展期患者的治疗策略变化
Bryan R Haugen,Steven I Sherman
Bryan R Haugen
Advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), defined by clinical characteristics including gross extrathyroidal invasion, distant metastases, radioiodine (RAI) resistance, and avidity for 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (positron emission tomography...
Paul Lee,Michael M Swarbrick,Ken K Y Ho
Paul Lee
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in energy homeostasis and thermogenesis in animals, conferring protection against diet-induced obesity and hypothermia through the action of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Recent metabolic imaging s...
Adiposity and insulin resistance in humans: the role of the different tissue and cellular lipid depots [0.03%]
人体脂毒性和胰岛素抵抗：不同组织和细胞脂库的作用
Samantha Hocking,Dorit Samocha-Bonet,Kerry-Lee Milner et al.
Samantha Hocking et al.
Human adiposity has long been associated with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk, and abdominal adiposity is considered particularly adverse. Intra-abdominal fat is associated with insulin resistance, possibly mediated by ...
Leptin's role in lipodystrophic and nonlipodystrophic insulin-resistant and diabetic individuals [0.03%]
脂代谢障碍和非脂代谢障碍的胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病患者的瘦素作用
Hyun-Seuk Moon,Maria Dalamaga,Sang-Yong Kim et al.
Hyun-Seuk Moon et al.
Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone that has been proposed to regulate energy homeostasis as well as metabolic, reproductive, neuroendocrine, and immune functions. In the context of open-label uncontrolled studies, leptin administration...
The role of estrogens in control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis [0.03%]
雌激素在能量平衡和葡萄糖稳态控制中的作用
Franck Mauvais-Jarvis,Deborah J Clegg,Andrea L Hevener
Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
Estrogens play a fundamental role in the physiology of the reproductive, cardiovascular, skeletal, and central nervous systems. In this report, we review the literature in both rodents and humans on the role of estrogens and their receptors...
Familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA) and the pituitary adenoma predisposition due to mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene [0.03%]
家族性孤立垂体腺瘤（FIPA）和aryl-hydrocarbon受体相互作用蛋白（AIP）基因突变引起的垂体腺瘤发病倾向
Albert Beckers,Lauri A Aaltonen,Adrian F Daly et al.
Albert Beckers et al.
Pituitary adenomas are one of the most frequent intracranial tumors and occur with a prevalence of approximately 1:1000 in the developed world. Pituitary adenomas have a serious disease burden, and their management involves neurosurgery, bi...