Ian R Reid,Paul A Baldock,Jillian Cornish
Ian R Reid
Leptin originates in adipocytes, including those in bone marrow, and circulates in concentrations 20 to 90 times higher than those in the cerebrospinal fluid. It has direct anabolic effects on osteoblasts and chondrocytes, but it also influ...
Coupling the Circadian Clock to Homeostasis: The Role of Period in Timing Physiology [0.03%]
结合生物钟和体内平衡：Period在生理定时中的作用
Pureum Kim,Henrik Oster,Hendrik Lehnert et al.
Pureum Kim et al.
A plethora of physiological processes show stable and synchronized daily oscillations that are either driven or modulated by biological clocks. A circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the ventral hypothalamus coordin...
Atypical Femur Fractures: Review of Epidemiology, Relationship to Bisphosphonates, Prevention, and Clinical Management [0.03%]
非典型股骨骨折：流行病学、与双膦酸盐的关系、预防和临床处理的综述
Dennis M Black,Bo Abrahamsen,Mary L Bouxsein et al.
Dennis M Black et al.
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are highly effective in treating osteoporosis and reducing hip, vertebral, and other fractures by as much as 50% to 70%. However, since 2006, atypical femur fractures (AFFs) emerged as potential side effects of BPs and...
Pouneh K Fazeli,Anne Klibanski
Pouneh K Fazeli
Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disease characterized by a low-weight state due to self-induced starvation. This disorder, which predominantly affects women, is associated with hormonal adaptations that minimize energy expenditure in the ...
Structural and Functional Biology of Aldo-Keto Reductase Steroid-Transforming Enzymes [0.03%]
aldo-酮还原酶类固醇转化酶的结构和功能生物学
Trevor M Penning,Phumvadee Wangtrakuldee,Richard J Auchus
Trevor M Penning
Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are monomeric NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases that play pivotal roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids in humans. AKR1C enzymes acting as 3-ketosteroid, 17-ketosteroid, and 20-ketosteroid reduct...
Fibroblast Growth Factor 15/19: From Basic Functions to Therapeutic Perspectives [0.03%]
成纤维细胞生长因子15/19：从基础功能到治疗前景
Emmanuel Somm,François R Jornayvaz
Emmanuel Somm
Discovered 20 years ago, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19, and its mouse ortholog FGF15, were the first members of a new subfamily of FGFs able to act as hormones. During fetal life, FGF15/19 is involved in organogenesis, affecting the deve...
The Expanding Spectrum of Primary Aldosteronism: Implications for Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment [0.03%]
原发性醛固酮增多症的临床谱系扩大对其诊断、发病机制和治疗的意义
Anand Vaidya,Paolo Mulatero,Rene Baudrand et al.
Anand Vaidya et al.
Primary aldosteronism is characterized by aldosterone secretion that is independent of renin and angiotensin II and sodium status. The deleterious effects of primary aldosteronism are mediated by excessive activation of the mineralocorticoi...
Obesity in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact, and Mechanisms [0.03%]
1型糖尿病的肥胖：病理生理、临床影响和机制
Karen D Corbin,Kimberly A Driscoll,Richard E Pratley et al.
Karen D Corbin et al.
There has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity in people with type 1 diabetes in recent years. Although obesity has long been recognized as a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and a catalyst for comp...
Nadia Bougarne,Basiel Weyers,Sofie J Desmet et al.
Nadia Bougarne et al.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor of clinical interest as a drug target in various metabolic disorders. PPARα also exhibits marked anti-inflammatory capacities. The first-generation PPARα agonist...
Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance [0.03%]
循环睾酮作为运动表现性别差异的激素基础
David J Handelsman,Angelica L Hirschberg,Stephane Bermon
David J Handelsman
Elite athletic competitions have separate male and female events due to men's physical advantages in strength, speed, and endurance so that a protected female category with objective entry criteria is required. Prior to puberty, there is no...