Jean-Marc Kaufman,Bruno Lapauw,Ahmed Mahmoud et al.
Jean-Marc Kaufman et al.
This narrative review presents an overview of current knowledge on fertility and reproductive hormone changes in aging men, the factors driving and modulating these changes, their clinical consequences, and the benefits and risks of testost...
Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors: Current Insights on Prevalence, Characteristics, Origin, and Treatment [0.03%]
睾丸肾上腺残余肿瘤：目前对流行病学、特征、起源和治疗的认识
Manon Engels,Paul N Span,Antonius E van Herwaarden et al.
Manon Engels et al.
This review provides the reader with current insights on testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs), a complication in male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In recent studies, an overall TART prevalence of 40% (range, 14% to ...
Linjie Zhao,Shengtao Zhou,Jan-Åke Gustafsson
Linjie Zhao
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors actively involved in many aspects of human physiology and pathology, serving as sensors of stimuli, master regulators of downstream molecular events, and hubs governing complex gene regulato...
Jacques Young,Cheng Xu,Georgios E Papadakis et al.
Jacques Young et al.
The initiation and maintenance of reproductive capacity in humans is dependent on pulsatile secretion of the hypothalamic hormone GnRH. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder that results from the failure of the n...
Central Mechanisms of Glucose Sensing and Counterregulation in Defense of Hypoglycemia [0.03%]
低血糖防御中的葡萄糖感觉和反调节的中枢机制
Sarah Stanley,Amir Moheet,Elizabeth R Seaquist
Sarah Stanley
Glucose homeostasis requires an organism to rapidly respond to changes in plasma glucose concentrations. Iatrogenic hypoglycemia as a result of treatment with insulin or sulfonylureas is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in humans and i...
Genetics and Epigenetics of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms [0.03%]
胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的遗传学和表观遗传学
Andrea Mafficini,Aldo Scarpa
Andrea Mafficini
Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous regarding site of origin, biological behavior, and malignant potential. There has been a rapid increase in data publication during the last 10 years, mainly driv...
3-Iodothyronamine-A Thyroid Hormone Metabolite With Distinct Target Profiles and Mode of Action [0.03%]
3-碘甲状腺素胺-一种具有独特靶点和作用方式的甲状腺激素代谢产物
Josef Köhrle,Heike Biebermann
Josef Köhrle
The rediscovery of the group of thyronamines (TAMs), especially the first detailed description of their most prominent congener 3-iodothyronamine (3T1AM) 14 years ago, boosted research on this thyroid hormone metabolite tremendously. TAMs e...
Thyroid Dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus: Two Closely Associated Disorders [0.03%]
甲状腺功能异常与糖尿病 mellitus：两种密切相关疾病
Bernadette Biondi,George J Kahaly,R Paul Robertson
Bernadette Biondi
Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Several studies have documented the increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus and vice versa. This review critically discusses the different un...
Genetics of Human Primary Hypertension: Focus on Hormonal Mechanisms [0.03%]
原发性高血压的遗传学：以激素机制为重点研究对象
Worapaka Manosroi,Gordon H Williams
Worapaka Manosroi
Increasingly, primary hypertension is being considered a syndrome and not a disease, with the individual causes (diseases) having a common sign-an elevated blood pressure. To determine these causes, genetic tools are increasingly employed. ...
Testis Development [0.03%]
睾丸的发育
Juho-Antti Mäkelä,Jaakko J Koskenniemi,Helena E Virtanen et al.
Juho-Antti Mäkelä et al.
Production of sperm and androgens is the main function of the testis. This depends on normal development of both testicular somatic cells and germ cells. A genetic program initiated from the Y chromosome gene sex-determining region Y (SRY) ...