Samuel M Lockhart,Vladimir Saudek,Stephen O&#x;Rahilly
Samuel M Lockhart
GDF15 has recently gained scientific and translational prominence with the discovery that its receptor is a GFRAL-RET heterodimer of which GFRAL is expressed solely in the hindbrain. Activation of this receptor results in reduced food intak...
Coronavirus Infections and Type 2 Diabetes-Shared Pathways with Therapeutic Implications [0.03%]
冠状病毒感染与2型糖尿病：具有治疗意义的共享途径
Daniel J Drucker
Daniel J Drucker
Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk for bacterial, mycotic, parasitic, and viral infections. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 (also referred to as COVID-19) coronavirus pandemic highlights the importance of und...
Vera Chesnokova,Shlomo Melmed
Vera Chesnokova
DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair pathways determine neoplastic cell transformation and therapeutic responses, as well as the aging process. Altered DDR functioning results in accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage, increased frequenc...
Adrenal Incidentaloma [0.03%]
肾上腺偶发瘤
Mark Sherlock,Andrew Scarsbrook,Afroze Abbas et al.
Mark Sherlock et al.
An adrenal incidentaloma is now established as a common endocrine diagnosis that requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. The majority of patients can be reassured and discharged, but a personalized approach based upo...
Novel Insights into Pituitary Tumorigenesis: Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms [0.03%]
垂体肿瘤发生的新见解：遗传和表观遗传机制
Vinaya Srirangam Nadhamuni,Márta Korbonits
Vinaya Srirangam Nadhamuni
Substantial advances have been made recently in the pathobiology of pituitary tumors. Similar to many other endocrine tumors, over the last few years we have recognized the role of germline and somatic mutations in a number of syndromic or ...
Is Mitochondrial Dysfunction a Common Root of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases? [0.03%]
线粒体功能异常是否是慢性非传染性疾病的一个共同根源？
Alexis Diaz-Vegas,Pablo Sanchez-Aguilera,James R Krycer et al.
Alexis Diaz-Vegas et al.
Mitochondrial damage is implicated as a major contributing factor for a number of noncommunicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes. Here, we discuss the role of mitoch...
Matthias Blüher
Matthias Blüher
Obesity contributes to reduced life expectancy, impaired quality of life, and disabilities, mainly in those individuals who develop cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, and cancer. However, there is a large variation in...
Androgens During Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence: Physiology and Use in Clinical Practice [0.03%]
婴儿、儿童和青少年的雄激素：生理与临床实践中的应用
Kelly A Mason,Melissa J Schoelwer,Alan D Rogol
Kelly A Mason
We provide an in-depth review of the role of androgens in male maturation and development, from the fetal stage through adolescence into emerging adulthood, and discuss the treatment of disorders of androgen production throughout these time...
Stafford L Lightman,Matthew T Birnie,Becky L Conway-Campbell
Stafford L Lightman
The past decade has seen several critical advances in our understanding of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation. Homeostatic physiological circuits need to integrate multiple internal and external stimuli and provide a dynam...