Testing a sensory preactivation account of attention guidance from visual working memory [0.03%]
检测视觉工作记忆的感官预激活引导注意力的模型
Zexuan Niu,Andrew Hollingworth
Zexuan Niu
Visual working memory (VWM) maintains visual information in support of ongoing cognitive functions, such as attentional guidance. Here, we tested the standard account of attention guidance by VWM, in which sensory-level preactivation during...
Bridging Bayesian and representational theories of memory to predict memory bias [0.03%]
连接贝叶斯理论和记忆表征理论以预测记忆偏差
Anxin Miao,Timothy F Brady,Maria M Robinson
Anxin Miao
Understanding how people integrate gist and item-specific information is central to explaining how memory changes over time. We examined how these representations interact in visual memory by integrating a Bayesian framework with representa...
Interventions to reduce implicit weight bias: A focus on mechanisms and individual differences [0.03%]
减少隐性体重偏见的干预措施：侧重于机制和个体差异
Amanda Ravary,Mark W Baldwin
Amanda Ravary
Implicit weight bias-an automatic negative evaluation of individuals with higher weight-is pervasive in society. Intervention efforts to reduce implicit weight bias have been sparse and rarely successful. However, a recent set of studies by...
Artificial intelligence and machines are capable of harm, but not of experiencing punishment [0.03%]
人工智能和机器可能造成伤害，但不会经历惩罚
Alexander Eng,Kai Chi Yam
Alexander Eng
Algorithms, robots, and artificial intelligence are increasingly making morally salient decisions (e.g., medical triage) and taking actions (e.g., terminate employees). Extant research suggests that we can and do perceive machines to be res...
Truong H A Nguyen,Kristen A Baker,Molly A L Nullmeyer et al.
Truong H A Nguyen et al.
Previous research provides abundant evidence that variability plays a key role in the process by which a newly encountered face becomes familiar. Theoretical models propose that exposure to variable images improves recognition because such ...
Sophie H Arnold,Mohit Mukherji,Mona Lebrun et al.
Sophie H Arnold et al.
People often respond to stereotypical generic statements such as "girls wear makeup" with counter-stereotypical claims like "boys can wear makeup too." But are such responses effective in reducing the stereotypical inferences people draw fr...
When a helpful bias is unhelpful: Limitations in reasoning about random and deliberately misleading evidence [0.03%]
当有助的偏见变得无助时：随机证据和故意误导证据推理的局限性
Manikya Alister,Keith J Ransom,Andrew Perfors
Manikya Alister
Social information aids learning: By making assumptions about other people's knowledge and intentions, people can draw strong and accurate inferences from limited data. In this study, we systematically tested people's ability to reason from...
Merve Ileri-Tayar,Julie M Bugg,Wouter Kool
Merve Ileri-Tayar
Cognitive control enables adaptive behavior by flexibly adjusting information processing to meet changing environmental demands. While extensive research has examined the costs of switching between different tasks, it remains unclear whethe...
Separating cognitive development from language development in the acquisition of negation using international adoption [0.03%]
利用国际收养分离认知发展与语言发展的否定结构习得现象分析
Annika McDermott-Hinman,Samuel Zimmerman,Jesse Snedeker et al.
Annika McDermott-Hinman et al.
Children learning words face at least one challenge, maybe two. First, children must gather enough information to identify which concept maps to which word (a linguistic bottleneck). Second, for this mapping to be possible, children may nee...
The first location heuristic: An early emerging way of judging where things belong [0.03%]
首个位置直觉：一种评判事物所属位置的早期产生方式
Terryn Kim,Ori Friedman
Terryn Kim
Judgments about where things belong guide people's expectations, actions, and social evaluations. In this article, we provide evidence for an early emerging first location heuristic that informs judgments about where things belong. Accordin...