Evaluating the impact of explicit encoding instructions on verbal learning [0.03%]
探究明确的编码指令对言语学习的影响
Helena Leach,Jean Saint-Aubin,Dominic Guitard
Helena Leach
The Hebb repetition effect, in which memory improves for repeated compared to nonrepeated sequences, is a well-established phenomenon in memory research. Despite its broad practical and theoretical importance, the mechanisms underlying this...
Identity priming of spoken words and pseudowords after minutes or hours [0.03%]
单词和假词发声后的几分钟或几小时的身份启动
Arthur G Samuel
Arthur G Samuel
Four experiments tested whether prior incidental exposure to a word or to a pseudoword affected lexical decision performance when the same item was subsequently heard. In two experiments, the interval between initial exposure and test item ...
The role of working memory in the occurrence of involuntary thoughts about the past and future: An experimental investigation [0.03%]
工作记忆在不由自主地思考过去和未来的作用：一项实验调查
Krystian Barzykowski,Ewa Ilczuk,Lia Kvavilashvili
Krystian Barzykowski
Previous research has demonstrated that although involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) and involuntary future thoughts (IFTs) occur spontaneously with minimal effort, their frequency is significantly reduced during cognitively demand...
Why does eyewitness verbal confidence add diagnostic value? A metacognitive noise account [0.03%]
目击者口头信心增加诊断价值的原因是什么？一种元认知噪声的解释
Jesse H Grabman,Travis M Seale-Carlisle,Chad S Dodson
Jesse H Grabman
Police in many countries routinely ask eyewitnesses to state how confident they are after making an identification. Prior work suggests that verbal (e.g., "I'm very certain") and numeric (e.g., "80%") confidence provide nonredundant diagnos...
Rapidly learned suppression of salient distractors via multiple regularities [0.03%]
通过多种规律快速学习抑制显著干扰物
Yue Zhang,Nicholas Gaspelin
Yue Zhang
To stay focused, we must learn to direct attention to relevant information and ignore salient distractions. Many theories of attention suggest that the ability to ignore salient stimuli is driven by learning processes that require extensive...
The cognitive energetics of sustained attention: Ability, desire, or both? [0.03%]
持续注意力的认知能量学：能力、意愿或兼而有之？
Lauren D Garner,Matthew K Robison
Lauren D Garner
In the cognitive-energetic framework, both goal activation and goal maintenance are important for successfully sustaining attention over time. There are multiple factors that can possibly contribute to maintaining goals and persisting with ...
Examining levels of external memory support on memory performance, performance predictions, and study effort [0.03%]
对外部记忆支持水平的记忆表现、表现预测和学习努力的影响研究
Megan O Kelly,Evan F Risko
Megan O Kelly
We often use external memory supports to aid our memory abilities. Previous work examining the effects of such supports on memory and metamemory have often focused on comparing all-or-nothing scenarios, namely, comparing full support (suppo...
Predictability effects in natural reading are logarithmic: Evidence from an eye-movement replication of Brothers and Kuperberg (2021) [0.03%]
兄弟和Kuperberg(2021)的眼动研究的复现实验中自然阅读中的可预测性效应是基于对数的
Ryan Buggy,Stephanie Cho,Cory Shain et al.
Ryan Buggy et al.
The question of whether the relationship between a word's predictability and its processing time is linear or logarithmic is of substantial theoretical importance, as it arbitrates between theories of the predictability effect (preactivatio...
When deliberate errors boost learning: Semantic constraints on the derring effect [0.03%]
故意的错误如何促进学习：意义约束与勇于尝试效应
Gemma Thomas,Yeray Mera,Philip A Higham et al.
Gemma Thomas et al.
A recent series of studies has demonstrated an unusual effect in which generating deliberate errors benefits memory for complex information-a phenomenon termed the derring effect. However, evidence for this effect is mixed, and theoretical ...
More memorable scenes and faces are learned better and forgotten more slowly [0.03%]
更令人难忘的场景和面孔能被更好地记住并长时间铭记
Belgin Ünal,Joshua L Fiechter,Aaron S Benjamin
Belgin Ünal
Some images are consistently more likely to be remembered or forgotten, but there is debate over the mechanisms that underlie these effects. Here we attempted to narrow the theoretical space by examining forgetting functions for high- and l...