N Panahian
N Panahian
Use of rodent models of hippocampal neurodegeneration are recommended for use in studies to understand the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms involved. This unit includes protocols for two-vessel occlusion, three-vessel occlusion, and...
W K Anger,D S Rohlman,D Storzbach
W K Anger
The evaluation of the effects of chemical exposures on humans is a worldwide concern, and most chemicals have not been evaluated for neurotoxic effect. Human neurobehavioral research or clinical evaluations of populations exposed to chemica...
W Slikker Jr
W Slikker Jr
Risk assessment refers to the use of toxicological data to define the relationship between the exposure to an agent and an adverse health outcome. This unit describes the factors involved in the study and evaluation of neurotoxicants to ass...
A Moretto
A Moretto
Organophosphorous compounds may cause two distinct types of toxicity: acute cholinergic toxicity and organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP). The ability of a compound to cause OPIDP is assessed as described by administering ...
Advanced behavioral testing in rodents: assessment of cognitive function in animals [0.03%]
用于评估动物认知功能的小鼠和大鼠高级行为检测技术
P J Bushnell
P J Bushnell
In risk assessment of a neurotoxic chemical, it may be necessary to assess its effect on cognitive function, the information-processing capacity of the animal. Such effects may be inferred from behavioral effects only after other explanatio...
Assessment of spatial memory [0.03%]
空间记忆评估
G L Wenk
G L Wenk
Behavioral tasks must be evaluated in terms of the cognitive functions they require. The tasks described in this unit are useful for detecting stimulation by drugs or a small electrical current, impairment of normal function by production o...
V C Moser
V C Moser
Neurobehavioral evaluations are an important component of screening for neurotoxicological effects. A neurobehavioral test battery is chosen to assess a variety of endpoints, including autonomic, neuromuscular, sensory, and excitability fun...
Overview of neurotoxicology [0.03%]
毒理学概论
H A Tilson
H A Tilson
Environmental exposure to chemicals such as lead, mercury, organic solvents, pesticides, as well as naturally occurring compounds have neurotoxic effects. This unit is an overview of the structure and function of the nervous system, includi...
Q W Xie
Q W Xie
This unit contains three protocols that can be used to determine iNOS expression in mouse macrophage-like cells, RAW 264.7, by measuring end product, protein, and mRNA. A bacterial product, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), stimulates iNOS expressi...
Methods for distinguishing nitrosative and oxidative chemistry of reactive nitrogen oxide species derived from nitric oxide [0.03%]
区分一氧化氮衍生的反应性二氧化氮物种的硝化和氧化化学的方法
D A Wink,S Kim,A Miles et al.
D A Wink et al.
NO-derived intermediates formed under aerobic conditions may engage in complex chemical reactions with biologically important molecules. The outcomes of these reactions and their ultimate effect on biological systems depend on the selectivi...