Assessment of metabolic stability using the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver S9 fraction [0.03%]
利用虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）肝S9混悬液评价代谢稳定性
Karla Johanning,Gregg Hancock,Beate Escher et al.
Karla Johanning et al.
Standard protocols are given for assessing metabolic stability in rainbow trout using the liver S9 fraction. These protocols describe the isolation of S9 fractions from trout livers, evaluation of metabolic stability using a substrate deple...
Determination of ADME and bioavailability following intravenous, oral, and dermal routes of exposure [0.03%]
暴露于静脉注射、口服和经皮途径后的ADME和生物利用度的测定
Shakil A Saghir
Shakil A Saghir
Humans are exposed to chemicals either voluntarily or involuntarily through several routes. Therapeutic drugs are introduced into the human system via a number of routes including, but not limited to, oral, inhalation, intravenous (i.v.), t...
Use of zinc finger nuclease technology to knock out efflux transporters in C2BBe1 cells [0.03%]
锌指核酸酶技术在C2BBe1细胞中敲除外排转运蛋白的研究
Jennifer Pratt,Neetu Venkatraman,Amanda Brinker et al.
Jennifer Pratt et al.
A limitation of the traditional Caco-2 cell assay for measuring transporter-mediated efflux of a given substrate is that it is not possible to determine which specific transporter is involved. The methods in this unit describe an approach f...
Measuring altered disposition of xenobiotics in experimental models of liver disease [0.03%]
测定肝病实验模型中外源物质分布的变化
Rhiannon N Hardwick,Nathan J Cherrington
Rhiannon N Hardwick
Understanding the metabolic pathway and excretion mechanisms governing the disposition of a compound is essential to the safe use of pharmaceutical agents. Because the liver is the primary organ responsible for the metabolism and eliminatio...
Morphological assessment of neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neuron-astrocyte co-cultures [0.03%]
海马神经元星形胶质细胞共培养中神经突起生长的形态学评价
Gennaro Giordano,Lucio G Costa
Gennaro Giordano
Neurite outgrowth is a fundamental event in brain development, as well as in regeneration of damaged neurons. Astrocytes play a major role in neuritogenesis, by expressing and releasing factors that facilitate neurite outgrowth, such as ext...
The use of fish-derived cell lines for investigation of environmental contaminants [0.03%]
鱼类衍生细胞系在环境污染研究中的应用
Vivian R Dayeh,Niels C Bols,Kristin Schirmer et al.
Vivian R Dayeh et al.
This unit describes protocols for growing salmonid cell lines and using them in in vitro toxicology studies. Cell viability of cultures is assessed with three indicator dyes: alamar blue for metabolic activity, CFDA-AM for membrane integrit...
Rao L Divi,Andreas Luch,Mukesh Verma et al.
Rao L Divi et al.
This unit describes procedures for measuring CYP1B1 gene expression by reverse transcription real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), CYP1B1 protein levels by western blotting, and CYP1B1 enzyme activity through conversion of 7-ethoxyresorufin substrate. T...
Costanza Rovida,Cindy Ryan,Serena Cinelli et al.
Costanza Rovida et al.
The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a widely accepted method for assessing the skin sensitization potential of chemicals. Compared with other in vivo methods in guinea pig, the LLNA offers important advantages with respect to animal...
Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT): assays for evaluating effects of exogenous agents on development of the immune system [0.03%]
发育免疫毒性(DIT)：检测外源因素对免疫系统发育影响的测定方法
Jamie C DeWitt,Margie M Peden-Adams,Deborah E Keil et al.
Jamie C DeWitt et al.
Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) occurs when exposure to environmental risk factors prior to adulthood, including chemical, biological, physical, or physiological factors, alters immune system development. DIT may elicit suppression, hype...
High-throughput, multiplexed analysis of 3-nitrotyrosine in individual proteins [0.03%]
单一蛋白质中3-硝基酪氨酸的高通量多重分析方法研究
Hongjun Jin,Richard C Zangar
Hongjun Jin
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derived as a result of inflammation and oxidative stress and can result in protein modifications. As such, these protein modifications are used as biomarkers for inflamma...