[Cryptococcosis] [0.03%]
[隐球菌病]
Kyoko Numahata,Tomoyuki Miyamoto
Kyoko Numahata
Cryptococcosis is an infectious disease caused by encapsulated fungi of the genus Cryptococcus. It predominantly occurs in individuals with impaired immune function, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, malignanc...
Takayoshi Shimohata
Takayoshi Shimohata
In recent years, the incidence of COVID-19-associated encephalitis and encephalopathy has decreased due to viral mutations and the acquisition of population immunity. The underlying mechanisms are now thought to involve immune-mediated path...
Hideki Hasegawa
Hideki Hasegawa
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection that can cause influenza encephalopathy through a systemic inflammatory response mediated by the host immune system. This condition does not involve direct viral invasion of the brain and its path...
[Zika Virus Infection] [0.03%]
[寨卡病毒感染]
Tetsushi Yoshikawa
Tetsushi Yoshikawa
Zika virus infection is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and is generally a self-limiting, mild disease. However, infection during pregnancy can cause severe fetal abnormalities, such as microcephaly, and in adults, the condition may occ...
[Bornavirus Disease] [0.03%]
[[博尔纳病]]
Tomoyuki Honda
Tomoyuki Honda
Bornavirus disease is a zoonotic infection transmitted from virus-infected shrews and squirrels. Although rare, the infection can rapidly progress to fatal encephalomyelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates bilateral lesions in the ...
Ryota Sato
Ryota Sato
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects over 90% of adults. Although rare, it can cause central nervous system disorders, the primary forms of which are meningitis, encephalitis, and myelitis. Diagnosis relies on the detection of EBV DNA in th...
[Acute Flaccid Myelitis] [0.03%]
急性迟缓性脊髓炎
Ryutaro Kira
Ryutaro Kira
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute flaccid paralysis that predominantly affects the spinal gray matter. It occurs mainly in children and is strongly associated with enterovirus D68. Magnetic resonance...
Koichi Hashimoto
Koichi Hashimoto
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slowly progressive viral infection that develops as a result of persistent measles virus infection of the central nervous system. After a prolonged latent period ranging from several years to ...
[Acute Measles Encephalitis] [0.03%]
急性麻疹脑炎
Hiroya Kuwahara
Hiroya Kuwahara
Measles is acute and highly infectious. Febrile rash may be complicated by severe pneumonia or encephalitis. Acute measles encephalitis is a rare condition that develops within a few days of the appearance of a rash and presents with high f...
Yoshiharu Miura
Yoshiharu Miura
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a central nervous system infection caused by reactivation of the JC polyomavirus (JCV). Its diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms, brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, detection of J...