Lineage Reprogramming: A Promising Road for Pancreatic β Cell Regeneration [0.03%]
谱系重编程在胰岛β细胞再生中的应用展望
Rui Wei,Tianpei Hong
Rui Wei
Cell replacement therapy is a promising method to restore pancreatic β cell function and cure diabetes. Distantly related cells (fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and muscle cells) and developmentally related cells (hepatocytes, gastrointestinal...
Elwin Tan Jun-Hao,Renuka Ravi Gupta,Ng Shyh-Chang
Elwin Tan Jun-Hao
The Lin28/let-7 molecular switch has emerged as a central regulator of growth signaling pathways and metabolic enzymes. Initially discovered to regulate developmental timing in the nematode, the Lin28/let-7 pathway of RNA regulation has gai...
XBP1: A Pivotal Transcriptional Regulator of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism [0.03%]
XBP1：葡萄糖和脂质代谢的关键转录调节因子
Christina Piperi,Christos Adamopoulos,Athanasios G Papavassiliou
Christina Piperi
X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a major, well-conserved component of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that is crucial for glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Metabolic dysfunction has been associated with XBP1 transcriptional act...
Enzo Lalli,Jacques Barhanin,Maria-Christina Zennaro et al.
Enzo Lalli et al.
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is caused by excessive production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex and is determined by a benign aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) in a significant proportion of cases. Local mechanisms, as opposed to circul...
Stephanie A Campbell,Brad G Hoffman
Stephanie A Campbell
The chromatin landscape of a cell is dynamic and can be altered by chromatin regulators that control nucleosome placement and DNA or histone modifications. Together with transcription factors, these complexes help dictate the transcriptiona...
The Human Endocrine Pancreas: New Insights on Replacement and Regeneration [0.03%]
人类胰腺内分泌细胞：替代与再生的新见解
Juan Domínguez-Bendala,Giacomo Lanzoni,Dagmar Klein et al.
Juan Domínguez-Bendala et al.
Islet transplantation is an effective cell therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) but its clinical application is limited due to shortage of donors. After a decade-long period of exploration of potential alternative cell sources, the field has o...
Timothy Wai,Thomas Langer
Timothy Wai
Mitochondrial morphology varies tremendously across cell types and tissues, changing rapidly in response to external insults and metabolic cues, such as nutrient status. The many functions of mitochondria have been intimately linked to thei...
Remy Burcelin,Céline Pomié
Remy Burcelin
Obesity is characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis and reduced thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue. A recent study reveals that gut microbiota hampers the emergence of thermogenic brown fat cells named beige cells within white fa...
Exciting Times for Pancreatic Islets: Glutamate Signaling in Endocrine Cells [0.03%]
胰岛的兴奋时刻—内分泌细胞的谷氨酸信号通路
Silke Otter,Eckhard Lammert
Silke Otter
Glutamate represents a key excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and also modulates the function and viability of endocrine cells in pancreatic islets. In insulin-secreting beta cells, glutamate acts as an intracellular...
Endothelial IGF-1 Receptor Signalling in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance [0.03%]
糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗下的内皮细胞IGF-1受体信号通路
Richard M Cubbon,Mark T Kearney,Stephen B Wheatcroft
Richard M Cubbon
Despite contemporary medical therapy, people with diabetes and insulin resistance experience substantially increased risk of cardiovascular events caused by atherosclerosis. Dysfunction of the endothelium is a key phase in early atherogenes...