Gluconeogenic Enzymes in β-Cells: Pharmacological Targets for Improving Insulin Secretion [0.03%]
β细胞中的糖异生酶：改善胰岛素分泌的药理学靶点
Francisco Westermeier,Todd Holyoak,Joel L Asenjo et al.
Francisco Westermeier et al.
Pancreatic β-cells express the gluconeogenic enzymes glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP), and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase (PCK), which modulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through t...
Etheresia Pretorius
Etheresia Pretorius
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease with a dysregulated circulating inflammatory molecule tendency. T2DM is closely associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular risk, and increased c...
Nitro-Fatty Acid Logistics: Formation, Biodistribution, Signaling, and Pharmacology [0.03%]
硝基脂肪酸的形成、生物分布、信号传导及药理学
Francisco J Schopfer,Nicholas K H Khoo
Francisco J Schopfer
In addition to supporting cellular energetic demands and providing building blocks for lipid synthesis, fatty acids (FAs) are precursors of potent signaling molecules. In particular, the presence of conjugated double bonds on the fatty-acyl...
Anti-Müllerian Hormone in PCOS: A Review Informing International Guidelines [0.03%]
多囊卵巢综合征抗苗勒管激素研究进展及国际诊治指南制定意见综述
Helena Teede,Marie Misso,Eliza C Tassone et al.
Helena Teede et al.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 8-13% of women. The Rotterdam diagnostic criteria include polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) on ultrasound, but given recognized challenges, serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is proposed as an al...
Amandine Verlande,Selma Masri
Amandine Verlande
The circadian clock is a biological mechanism that dictates an array of rhythmic physiological processes. Virtually all cells contain a functional clock whose disruption results in altered timekeeping and detrimental systemic effects, inclu...
Nabil Rabhi,Stephen R Farmer
Nabil Rabhi
A recent study (Girousse et al. Cell Rep. 2019;27:323-333) shows that CXCR4+ adipose progenitors (APCs) contribute to lipid spillover during high-fat feeding through their release from subcutaneous fat depots (ScATs) and migration to skelet...
Distinct Roles of the NAD+-Sirt1 and FAD-LSD1 Pathways in Metabolic Response and Tissue Development [0.03%]
NAD+ Sirt1和FAD LSD1通路在代谢反应及组织发育中的不同作用
Mitsuyoshi Nakao,Kotaro Anan,Hirotaka Araki et al.
Mitsuyoshi Nakao et al.
Various nutritional signals are transduced by two epigenetic pathways: NAD-dependent sirtuin Sirt1 (NAD+-Sirt1) deacetylase and flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent lysine-specific demethylase 1 (FAD-LSD1). These pathways are controlled by...
A Century of Diabetes Technology: Signals, Models, and Artificial Pancreas Control [0.03%]
糖尿病技术百年回顾：从传感器到人工胰岛素控制器的发展路程
Boris Kovatchev
Boris Kovatchev
Arguably, diabetes mellitus is one of the best-quantified human conditions: elaborate in silico models describe the action of the human metabolic system; real-time signals such as continuous glucose monitoring are readily available; insulin...
Megan E Handel,Martin D Brand,Shona A Mookerjee
Megan E Handel
Quantifying total cellular ATP production rate has become easier with recent technology and is essential to understanding energy metabolism in cells and tissues. We review fundamental concepts for determining total cellular ATP production r...
Garrett I Ash,Dongin Kim,Mahua Choudhury
Garrett I Ash
The application of nanotechnology to medicine promises a wide range of new tools and possibilities, from earlier diagnostics and improved imaging, to better, more efficient, and more targeted therapies. This emerging field could help addres...