Activin and related proteins in inflammation: not just interested bystanders [0.03%]
炎症中的活化素及相关蛋白：不仅仅是旁观者
David J Phillips,David M de Kretser,Mark P Hedger
David J Phillips
Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is released rapidly into the circulation during inflammation. This review examines the evidence that activin is a critical mediator of inflammation and immunity. Activi...
Giovanni Monteleone,Francesco Pallone,Thomas T Macdonald
Giovanni Monteleone
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is produced mostly by activated CD4+ T cells and controls the differentiation and functional activity of effector T helper cells, counteracts the suppressive effects of regulatory T cells, and stimulates non-immune ce...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha as a therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy [0.03%]
肿瘤坏死因子-α作为糖尿病肾病治疗靶点的潜在作用机制研究进展
Juan F Navarro-González,Ana Jarque,Mercedes Muros et al.
Juan F Navarro-González et al.
Activation of innate immunity with the subsequent development of a chronic low-grade inflammatory response is now recognized as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications, including diabetic nephro...
Michelle Perugini,Antiopi Varelias,Timothy Sadlon et al.
Michelle Perugini et al.
Hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) mimetics offer a number of attractive advantages as therapeutic agents. Small chemical compounds, in particular, provide reduced cost and oral availability. As many of these mimetics are unrelated in struct...
Characterization and potential clinical applications of autoantibodies against cytokines [0.03%]
细胞因子自身抗体的特征及潜在临床应用
Carina de Lemos Rieper,Pia Galle,Morten Bagge Hansen
Carina de Lemos Rieper
Autoantibodies recognizing cytokines arise in certain patients during the course of therapy with recombinant cytokines, although they may arise spontaneously as well. They are typically high avidity and in vitro neutralizing IgG antibodies ...
J Bradford Bowzard,Priya Ranjan,Suryaprakash Sambhara et al.
J Bradford Bowzard et al.
A critical component of the innate immune response is the presence of germ line-encoded receptors capable of recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecules. One group of these receptors, the cytoplasmic RIG-I-like helicases (RL...
Teresa Rampino,Marilena Gregorini,Antonio Dal Canton
Teresa Rampino
The Scatter Factors are two homologous proteins, named Scatter Factor/Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Macrophage Stimulating Protein. Their receptors are the products of two oncogenes, Met and Ron, respectively. The Scatter Factors induce move...
Jiake Xu,Hua Fei Wu,Estabelle S M Ang et al.
Jiake Xu et al.
Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption and play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of osteolytic disorders. NF-kappaB is a set of nuclear factors that bind to consensus DNA sequences called kappaB sites, and is essential for osteoc...
S Georges,C Ruiz Velasco,V Trichet et al.
S Georges et al.
Bone remodelling is regulated by osteogenic cells which act individually through cellular and molecular interaction. These interactions can be established either through a cell-cell contact, involving molecules of the integrin family, or by...
James E McLaren,Dipak P Ramji
James E McLaren
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the development of fibrotic plaques in the arterial wall. The disease exhibits a complex aetiology and its progression is influenced by a number of environmental and...