Teresa Lorenzi,Rosaria Meli,Daniela Marzioni et al.
Teresa Lorenzi et al.
Ghrelin, an acylated 28 amino acid gastric peptide, was isolated from the stomach as an endogenous ligand for growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor in 1999. Circulating ghrelin is mainly produced by specific cells in the stomach's oxynt...
Alfons Billiau,Patrick Matthys
Alfons Billiau
This article reviews the main lines of thinking and exploration that have led to our current conception of the role of IFN-gamma in immune defense and autoimmunity. In 1965 the first report appeared describing production of an interferon-li...
Ram Savan,Sarangan Ravichandran,Jack R Collins et al.
Ram Savan et al.
Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), being the hallmark of the T-cell T(H)1 response, has been extensively studied with respect to its expression and regulation of immune function. This gene has been extensively characterized in many mammalian spe...
Activin and related proteins in inflammation: not just interested bystanders [0.03%]
炎症中的活化素及相关蛋白：不仅仅是旁观者
David J Phillips,David M de Kretser,Mark P Hedger
David J Phillips
Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is released rapidly into the circulation during inflammation. This review examines the evidence that activin is a critical mediator of inflammation and immunity. Activi...
Giovanni Monteleone,Francesco Pallone,Thomas T Macdonald
Giovanni Monteleone
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is produced mostly by activated CD4+ T cells and controls the differentiation and functional activity of effector T helper cells, counteracts the suppressive effects of regulatory T cells, and stimulates non-immune ce...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha as a therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy [0.03%]
肿瘤坏死因子-α作为糖尿病肾病治疗靶点的潜在作用机制研究进展
Juan F Navarro-González,Ana Jarque,Mercedes Muros et al.
Juan F Navarro-González et al.
Activation of innate immunity with the subsequent development of a chronic low-grade inflammatory response is now recognized as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications, including diabetic nephro...
Michelle Perugini,Antiopi Varelias,Timothy Sadlon et al.
Michelle Perugini et al.
Hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) mimetics offer a number of attractive advantages as therapeutic agents. Small chemical compounds, in particular, provide reduced cost and oral availability. As many of these mimetics are unrelated in struct...
Characterization and potential clinical applications of autoantibodies against cytokines [0.03%]
细胞因子自身抗体的特征及潜在临床应用
Carina de Lemos Rieper,Pia Galle,Morten Bagge Hansen
Carina de Lemos Rieper
Autoantibodies recognizing cytokines arise in certain patients during the course of therapy with recombinant cytokines, although they may arise spontaneously as well. They are typically high avidity and in vitro neutralizing IgG antibodies ...
J Bradford Bowzard,Priya Ranjan,Suryaprakash Sambhara et al.
J Bradford Bowzard et al.
A critical component of the innate immune response is the presence of germ line-encoded receptors capable of recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecules. One group of these receptors, the cytoplasmic RIG-I-like helicases (RL...
Teresa Rampino,Marilena Gregorini,Antonio Dal Canton
Teresa Rampino
The Scatter Factors are two homologous proteins, named Scatter Factor/Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Macrophage Stimulating Protein. Their receptors are the products of two oncogenes, Met and Ron, respectively. The Scatter Factors induce move...