Glutamate transporter-dependent mTOR phosphorylation in Müller glia cells [0.03%]
谷氨酸转运蛋白依赖性Müller胶质细胞中的mTOR磷酸化作用
Ana María López-Colomé,Zila Martínez-Lozada,Alain M Guillem et al.
Ana María López-Colomé et al.
Glu (glutamate), the excitatory transmitter at the main signalling pathway in the retina, is critically involved in changes in the protein repertoire through the activation of signalling cascades, which regulate protein synthesis at transcr...
Stephen M McMullan,Bounleut Phanavanh,Gary Guo Li et al.
Stephen M McMullan et al.
Pro-inflammatory stimuli evoke an export of glutamate from microglia that is sufficient to contribute to excitotoxicity in neighbouring neurons. Since microglia also express various glutamate receptors themselves, we were interested in the ...
Signalling through the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) interacts with canonical Wnt signalling to promote neural proliferation in developing brain [0.03%]
Igf1r信号转导通过与经典的Wnt信号转导相互作用来促进发育性脑的神经增殖
Qichen Hu,Seong Yong Lee,John R O&#x;Kusky et al.
Qichen Hu et al.
Signalling through the IGF1R [type 1 IGF (insulin-like growth factor) receptor] and canonical Wnt signalling are two signalling pathways that play critical roles in regulating neural cell generation and growth. To determine whether the sign...
Gerald A Dienel
Gerald A Dienel
Metabolic signals are used for imaging and spectroscopic studies of brain function and disease and to elucidate the cellular basis of neuroenergetics. The major fuel for activated neurons and the models for neuron-astrocyte interactions hav...
Liang Hui,Xuesong Chen,Norman J Haughey et al.
Liang Hui et al.
Combined anti-retroviral therapeutic drugs effectively increase the lifespan of HIV-1-infected individuals who then have a higher prevalence of HAND (HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorder). Soluble factors including HIV-1 proteins releas...
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 protects hypoxic astrocytes against glutamate toxicity [0.03%]
缺氧诱导因子-1保护缺氧星形胶质细胞免受谷氨酸毒性损伤
Yomna Badawi,Prabhu Ramamoorthy,Honglian Shi
Yomna Badawi
Stroke is a major neurological disorder characterized by an increase in the Glu (glutamate) concentration resulting in excitotoxicity and eventually cellular damage and death in the brain. HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1), a transcription...
Chiara Testa,Francesca Nuti,Joussef Hayek et al.
Chiara Testa et al.
ASDs (autism spectrum disorders) are a complex group of neurodevelopment disorders, still poorly understood, steadily rising in frequency and treatment refractory. Extensive research has been so far unable to explain the aetiology of this c...
Complexity of the microglial activation pathways that drive innate host responses during lethal alphavirus encephalitis in mice [0.03%]
小鼠致死性α病毒脑炎中固有免疫反应启动的微胶质活化途径的复杂性
Nilufer Esen,Pennelope K Blakely,Emily K Rainey-Barger et al.
Nilufer Esen et al.
Microglia express multiple TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and provide important host defence against viruses that invade the CNS (central nervous system). Although prior studies show these cells become activated during experimental alphavirus e...
Neuroglia at the crossroads of homoeostasis, metabolism and signalling: evolution of the concept [0.03%]
神经胶质细胞：稳态、代谢和信号转导的交汇点：概念演变
Vladimir Parpura,Alexei Verkhratsky
Vladimir Parpura
Ever since Rudolf Virchow in 1858 publicly announced his apprehension of neuroglia being a true connective substance, this concept has been evolving to encompass a heterogeneous population of cells with various forms and functions. We brief...
Aspects of astrocyte energy metabolism, amino acid neurotransmitter homoeostasis and metabolic compartmentation [0.03%]
星形胶质细胞能量代谢、氨基酸神经递质稳态和代谢区室化方面的问题
Marko Kreft,Lasse K Bak,Helle S Waagepetersen et al.
Marko Kreft et al.
Astrocytes are key players in brain function; they are intimately involved in neuronal signalling processes and their metabolism is tightly coupled to that of neurons. In the present review, we will be concerned with a discussion of aspects...