Matthew D Ettleson
Matthew D Ettleson
Purpose of review: Subclinical thyroid disease is defined by a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level outside of the normal range with normal circulating thyroid hormone levels. Excess adverse cardiovascular outcomes hav...
Gonzalo J Acosta,Naykky Singh Ospina,Juan P Brito
Gonzalo J Acosta
Purpose of review: Thyroid ultrasound (TUS) is a common diagnostic test that can help guide the management of patients with thyroid conditions. Yet, inappropriate use of TUS can lead to harmful unintended consequences. Th...
Parker Haymart,Nina Jackson Levin,Megan R Haymart
Parker Haymart
Purpose of review: This review discusses the psychosocial impact of thyroid cancer diagnosis and management. It summarizes recent findings, presents management options, and briefly discusses future directions. ...
Catherine Lindsay,Albert Shieh
Catherine Lindsay
Purpose of review: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) confers a greater risk of skeletal fragility and fracture. Whether prediabetes is detrimental to bone health is uncertain. ...
Cora M Best,Simon Hsu
Cora M Best
Purpose of review: Very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) therapy has been associated with skeletal demineralization in children with drug-resistant epilepsy, but the cause of this association is unclear. Recently, int...
Fabio R Faucz,Andrea G Maria,Constantine A Stratakis
Fabio R Faucz
Purpose of review: The adrenal glands produce some of the most essential for life hormones, including cortisol and other steroids, and catecholamines. The former is produced from the adrenal cortex, whereas the latter is ...
Alaa Sada,Travis J McKenzie
Alaa Sada
Purpose of review: Review the literature on the surgical management of adrenal diseases, highlighting the various surgical approaches and their respective pros and cons. ...
Vasiliki Siampanopoulou,Elisavet Tasouli,Anna Angelousi
Vasiliki Siampanopoulou
Purpose of review: Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is the clinical manifestation of deficient production of glucocorticoids with occasionally deficiency also in mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens and constitutes a fatal ...
Isa Mulingbayan Jacoba,H Christian Weber
Isa Mulingbayan Jacoba
Purpose of review: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN) represent a heterogenous group of rare tumors emanating from neuroendocrine cells that are clinically silent for prolonged periods of time witho...
Verena Theiler-Schwetz,Alessandro Prete
Verena Theiler-Schwetz
Purpose of review: Glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome (GWS) can develop after withdrawing exposure to supraphysiological levels of endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids due to an established physical dependence. It is c...