Susan E Sweeney,Gary S Firestein
Susan E Sweeney
Signaling pathways enable cells to respond and adapt to environmental stimuli. For instance, extracellular ligands, such as proinflammatory cytokines or pathogen components, bind receptors on the surface of cells that trigger downstream sig...
Mechanisms of disease: genetics of rheumatoid arthritis--ethnic differences in disease-associated genes [0.03%]
疾病机制：类风湿性关节炎的遗传学——与种族差异有关的疾病相关基因
Ryo Yamada,Kazuhiko Yamamoto
Ryo Yamada
Large studies on the genetics of common rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, have identified multiple polymorphisms related to disease susceptibility, including peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD...
Zoltán Szekanecz,Alisa E Koch
Zoltán Szekanecz
Angiogenesis, the development of new vessels, is an important process in health and disease. The perpetuation of neovascularization in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies and some systemic autoimmune d...
Maurizio Cutolo,Rainer H Straub,Johannes W J Bijlsma
Maurizio Cutolo
Synovial tissue lines the noncartilaginous surfaces of synovial joints and supplies these avascular structures with nutrients. In diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation of the synovial tissue--synovitis--induces diffuse damage ...
Xavier Valencia,Peter E Lipsky
Xavier Valencia
Maintenance of immune tolerance in the periphery can be envisioned as a balance between autoreactive lymphocytes and regulatory mechanisms that counteract them. The naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T(REGs)) have a major...
Anne F Mannion,Federico Balagué,Ferran Pellisé et al.
Anne F Mannion et al.
Pain is a multidimensional experience that is a prominent feature of many musculoskeletal disorders. Despite its subjective nature, pain is a highly relevant complaint; hence, nothing should deter physicians from attempting to formally asse...
Risk in clinical trials [0.03%]
临床试验的风险管理
Peter E Lipsky
Peter E Lipsky
Proton-pump inhibitors as a protective treatment for high-risk patients receiving treatment with NSAIDs [0.03%]
NSAID高危患者用药的保护作用——抑酸剂可否作为预防措施？
Francis K L Chan
Francis K L Chan
How effective are the available treatments for mechanical neck disorder? [0.03%]
现有的颈段机械性疾病治疗方法的有效性如何？
Robert R Ferrari,Anthony S Russell
Robert R Ferrari
Does DMARD treatment slow or prevent development of RA in patients with UA? [0.03%]
改善病情抗风湿药能减缓或防止无症状性自身抗体阳性患者发生类风湿关节炎吗？
Joel M Kremer
Joel M Kremer