Towards functional precision medicine? Evidence standards of organoids as patient-specific models [0.03%]
朝向功能性精准医学？类器官作为患者特异性模型的证据标准
Sara Green,Henrik Vogt,Maxence Gaillard
Sara Green
Evidence-based medicine (EBM), with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials as its gold standard, has been criticized for failing to represent the individuality and variability of disease. Precision medicine (PM) has been proposed as an...
Two kinds of evolutionary individuals: the concept of common interest as an evolutionary foundation of dualism on biological individuality [0.03%]
两种进化个体：作为二元论的生物学个体性的进化基础的共同利益概念
Adrian Stencel
Adrian Stencel
What is a biological individual? This is a question that has been of interest to biologists and philosophers for a long time. The usual response is an attempt either to find a single, unifying concept (a monistic stance) or to justify the e...
Guido I Prieto,Alejandro Fábregas-Tejeda
Guido I Prieto
In recent years, discussions on the epistemology of model organism-based research have emerged in the philosophy of science. A key topic of discussion is how the epistemic insights gained from model organisms differ from those gained throug...
What was really wrong (and right) with vitalism? Methodological naturalism, organicism and immaterialist theories in biology [0.03%]
什么是生机论的对与错？生物学中的方法论自然主义、有机主义和非物质理论
Sandy C Boucher
Sandy C Boucher
There has been considerable discussion in recent years of methodological naturalism in the sciences: the question of whether science does, or should, operate under the assumption that it may only investigate natural phenomena or offer natur...
Studying asphyxiation in the lab: the role of experimental evidence in cause-of-death inquiry [0.03%]
实验室窒息研究——探讨实验证据在死亡原因调查中的作用
Enno Fischer,Saana Jukola
Enno Fischer
Like most scientific and medical disciplines, forensic medicine employs evidence from experimental studies. Yet, unlike most disciplines, forensic medicine is primarily interested in the post-hoc evaluation of individual causal claims. How ...
Jesse Peterson
Jesse Peterson
In marine science, VR technologies are being used to model underwater space and enable virtual geoscience fieldtrips for teaching and research. The vast potential in adapting these technologies alongside their speedy application suggests ch...
Clarissa Machado Pinto Leite,Ítalo Nascimento de Carvalho,Jeferson Gabriel da Encarnação Coutinho et al.
Clarissa Machado Pinto Leite et al.
Embracing environmental DNA? How values influence the integration of a new technology into an oceanographic expedition [0.03%]
拥抱环境DNA吗？价值观如何影响一种新技术在一个海洋考察中的整合
Meghan Marjorie Shea
Meghan Marjorie Shea
Environmental DNA (eDNA)-genetic material left behind by organisms in their ecosystems-has been increasingly positioned as an important tool for studying biodiversity, especially in marine environments. Advances in genetic methods now allow...
The evolution of the biosphere: Vladimir I. Vernadsky and the concept of common evolution [0.03%]
生物圈的演化：沃尔纳德斯基与“共同演化”概念
Bogdana Stamenković Jajčević
Bogdana Stamenković Jajčević
The growing interest in astrobiology renewed the enthusiasm of contemporary scholars to explore the Earth Systems Science theories of the twentieth century and scholars who influenced the later development of astrobiology. Vladimir I. Verna...