Medial genicular neurovascular anatomy and its role in precision of ultrasound-guided nerve blockade in end-stage knee osteoarthritis [0.03%]
内侧膝状神经血管解剖及其在超声引导下终末期膝关节骨关节炎神经阻滞定位精度中的作用
Michał Ebisz,Marcin Mostowy,Przemysław Pękala et al.
Michał Ebisz et al.
Background: Ultrasound identification of genicular nerves to perform their blockade can be challenging due to high anatomical variability. Initial identification of the easier to visualize genicular artery could allow for...
A rare case of nonbifurcating left common carotid artery associated with bilateral internal carotid artery anastomosis: a case report [0.03%]
左侧罕见非分叉颈总动脉伴双侧颈内动脉吻合病例报告
Qingyi Cai,Baohua Cheng,Wenming Gao
Qingyi Cai
Background: This study reports a rare case of a nonbifurcating carotid artery with bilateral internal carotid artery anastomoses. Special anatomical features related to nonbifurcating carotid arteries are comprehensively ...
Case Reports
Folia morphologica. 2026:85:e01726007. DOI:10.5603/fm.109724 2026
Effects of asprosin on high-fat diet-induced liver injury in rats: a histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular study [0.03%]
天冬酰素对高脂饮食诱导的大鼠肝损伤的影响：病理组织学、免疫组织化学和分子研究
Suna Karadeniz Saygili,Raziye Akcilar
Suna Karadeniz Saygili
Background: Asprosin, a fasting-induced hormone, regulates glucose metabolism. Recent studies suggest that it modulates cellular stress, but its role in high-fat diet (HF)-induced liver damage is unknown. This study exami...
Injuries to accessory head of rectus femoris in professional football players: anatomical description, imaging findings, and clinical implications [0.03%]
职业足球运动员辅头股直肌损伤的解剖、影像及临床特点分析
Ramon Balius,Carles Pedret,Sandra Mecho et al.
Ramon Balius et al.
Background: The quadriceps femoris muscle compartment comprises four muscles, including the bi-articular rectus femoris, which is particularly prone to strain in kicking athletes. Anatomical variations such as accessory h...
Bilateral cervical ribs forming pseudoarthrosis with the first ribs co-occurring with an aberrant right subclavian artery [0.03%]
双侧颈肋与第一肋形成假关节并伴有右侧异位锁骨下动脉异常
Bartosz Kołodziejczyk,Izabela Zamojska,Joanna Jaworek-Troć et al.
Bartosz Kołodziejczyk et al.
While anatomical variations in both aortic arch branching and rib cage development are considered relatively common, compared to various other anomalies, their coexistence seems to be underreported. We present a case report of a 70-year-old...
Case Reports
Folia morphologica. 2026:85:e01726017. DOI:10.5603/fm.109749 2026
Evaluation of large language models in clinical neuroanatomy: a comparative scoring analysis based on accuracy, concordance, insight, and anatomical terminology accuracy [0.03%]
基于准确性、一致性、洞察力和解剖学术语准确性的临床神经解剖学大型语言模型评估：一种比较评分分析方法
Abdullah Örs
Abdullah Örs
Background: Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT-4 and Gemini 2.5, are increasingly being evaluated for clinical reasoning and medical education. However, their performance in structured, neuroanatomical diagnost...
Comparative Study
Folia morphologica. 2026:85:e01726018. DOI:10.5603/fm.110023 2026
Supernumerary insertions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle: a rare anatomical variation with clinical significance [0.03%]
胸锁乳突肌的多余插入：具有临床意义的罕见解剖变异
Dimitra Daskalopoulou,Andreas Dousis,Maria Troupi et al.
Dimitra Daskalopoulou et al.
Background: The sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is a prominent feature of the neck related to significant neurovascular structures with major clinical relevance in head and neck surgery. Variations of its anatomy and cou...
Case Reports
Folia morphologica. 2026:85:e01726021. DOI:10.5603/fm.108665 2026
Rare variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery: a cadaveric case report [0.03%]
腋动脉分枝模式罕见变异的尸体解剖病例报告
Yuhan Zhao,Zihan Zhou,Haina Jiang et al.
Yuhan Zhao et al.
Background: This case report investigates a rare variation of the axillary artery (AA) where most AA branches arose from a variant branch (VB) originating from the second part of the AA. It hopes to enhance the accuracy o...
Layered relationship of Langer's axillary arch with the axillary neurovascular bundle: a cadaveric case report [0.03%]
Langer腋窝拱与腋神经血管束的分层关系：一例尸体解剖报告
Yuri Seu,Mi-Sun Hur
Yuri Seu
Background: Langer's axillary arch (LAA) is a common muscular variant in the axilla, yet detailed descriptions of its layered and level-dependent relationships with the axillary neurovascular bundle remain limited. ...
Morphological variability of the fibularis longus and brevis muscles on magnetic resonance imaging [0.03%]
磁共振成像上长踇伸肌和短踇伸肌形态变异的观察
George Triantafyllou,Olympia Papakonstantinou,George Tsakotos et al.
George Triantafyllou et al.
Background: The fibularis longus (FLT) and fibularis brevis (FBT) tendons form the dynamic stabilizers of the lateral ankle. While their anatomical variability has been well described in cadaveric studies, corresponding i...