HIV and SIV in Body Fluids: From Breast Milk to the Genitourinary Tract [0.03%]
从母乳到泌尿生殖道：体液中的HIV和SIV
Kattayoun Kordy,Nicole H Tobin,Grace M Aldrovandi
Kattayoun Kordy
HIV-1 is present in many secretions including oral, intestinal, genital, and breast milk. However, most people exposed to HIV-1 within these mucosal compartments do not become infected despite often frequent and repetitive exposure over pro...
Evaluation of Mucosal Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to HIV in External Secretions and Mucosal Tissues [0.03%]
HIV在外部分泌物和粘膜组织中的黏膜体液免疫及细胞免疫反应的评估
Steffanie Sabbaj,Jiri Mestecky
Steffanie Sabbaj
The mucosal immune systems of the genital and intestinal tracts as the most frequent sites of HIV-1 entry, display remarkable immunological differences from the systemic immune compartment which must be considered in the evaluation of humor...
Cody S Nelson,Genevieve G A Fouda,Sallie R Permar
Cody S Nelson
Increased availability of antiretroviral therapy to pregnant and breastfeeding women in resource-limited areas has proven remarkably successful at reducing HIV vertical transmission rates over the past several decades. Yet, still more than ...
Jiri Mestecky,Ronald Veazey
Jiri Mestecky
Ann M Carias,Thomas J Hope
Ann M Carias
Most new HIV infections, over 80%, occur through sexual transmission. During sexual transmission, the virus must bypass specific female and male reproductive tract anatomical barriers to encounter viable target cells. Understanding the gene...
Pamela A Kozlowski,Anna Aldovini
Pamela A Kozlowski
Optimal protective immunity to HIV will likely require that plasma cells, memory B cells and memory T cells be stationed in mucosal tissues at portals of viral entry. Mucosal vaccine administration is more effective than parenteral vaccine ...
Ronald S Veazey
Ronald S Veazey
Among the most significant findings in the pathogenesis of HIV infection was the discovery that almost total depletion of intestinal CD4+ T cells occurs rapidly after SIV or HIV infection, regardless of the route of exposure, and long befor...
T Cells in the Female Reproductive Tract Can Both Block and Facilitate HIV Transmission [0.03%]
女性生殖道中的T细胞既能阻止又能促进HIV传播
Christopher J Miller,Ronald S Veazey
Christopher J Miller
Because HIV is sexually transmitted, there is considerable interest in defining the nature of anti-HIV immunity in the female reproductive tract (FRT) and in developing ways to elicit antiviral immunity in the FRT through vaccination. Altho...
Barbara L Shacklett
Barbara L Shacklett
As our understanding of mucosal immunity increases, it is becoming clear that the host response to HIV-1 is more complex and nuanced than originally believed. The mucosal landscape is populated with a variety of specialized cell types whose...
Optic Neuritis: A Model for the Immuno-pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases [0.03%]
视神经炎：中枢神经系统炎症性脱髓鞘疾病的免疫病理模型
Gregory F Wu,Chelsea R Parker Harp,Kenneth S Shindler
Gregory F Wu
Evidence for the tenuous regulation between the immune system and central nervous system (CNS) can be found with examples of interaction between these organ systems gone awry. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototypical inflammatory disease...