Michael S Irwig
Michael S Irwig
This review examines the relationship between exogenous sex steroids and cardiovascular events and surrogate markers in trans (transgender) people. Data from trans populations is compared to data from postmenopausal women and hypogonadal me...
Approach to the interpretation of unexpected laboratory results arising in the care of patients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) [0.03%]
罕见代谢病患儿检验结果的解读原则与方法
Andre Mattman,Murray Potter
Andre Mattman
Endocrinologists may encounter abnormal results in routine laboratory tests while caring for patients with inborn errors of metabolism. This article provides a framework for understanding these abnormalities as: a) part of the pathophysiolo...
An overview of inborn errors of metabolism manifesting with primary adrenal insufficiency [0.03%]
先天性代谢错误导致原发性肾上腺皮质功能不全的表现概述
Fady Hannah-Shmouni,Constantine A Stratakis
Fady Hannah-Shmouni
Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) results from an inability to produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex. The most common causes of PAI are autoimmune adrenalitis (Addison's disease), infectious diseases, adrena...
Enke Baldini,Teresa Odorisio,Chiara Tuccilli et al.
Enke Baldini et al.
The skin is the largest organ of the body, at the boundary with the outside environment. Primarily, it provides a physical and chemical barrier against external insults, but it can act also as immune organ because it contains a whole host o...
Disorders of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation and the carnitine shuttle [0.03%]
线粒体长链脂肪酸氧化障碍及肉碱穿梭异常疾病
Suzan J G Knottnerus,Jeannette C Bleeker,Rob C I Wüst et al.
Suzan J G Knottnerus et al.
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is an essential pathway for energy production, especially during prolonged fasting and sub-maximal exercise. Long-chain fatty acids are the most abundant fatty acids in the human diet and in body stores, a...
Kyoung-Jin Chung,Marina Nati,Triantafyllos Chavakis et al.
Kyoung-Jin Chung et al.
Immune cells are present in the adipose tissue (AT) and regulate its function. Under lean conditions, immune cells predominantly of type 2 immunity, including eosinophils, M2-like anti-inflammatory macrophages and innate lymphoid cells 2, c...
Louis J Gooren,Guy T&#x;Sjoen
Louis J Gooren
High quality empirical data assessing morbidity and mortality and cancer incidence among transgender people are almost non-existent. Sex hormone treatment of conditions in older non-transgender people might as yet be taken as the best avail...
Gaps in transgender medical education among healthcare providers: A major barrier to care for transgender persons [0.03%]
医疗保健提供者中的性别转换医学教育缺口：性别转换者的医疗障碍主要因素
Sira Korpaisarn,Joshua D Safer
Sira Korpaisarn
A lack of access to knowledgeable providers is the greatest reported barrier to care for transgender individuals. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the recent literature characterizing transgender medicine education for medical pr...
Not quite type 1 or type 2, what now? Review of monogenic, mitochondrial, and syndromic diabetes [0.03%]
非1型也非2型糖尿病会是什么类型的？单基因、线粒体及综合征相关糖尿病综述
Roseanne O Yeung,Fady Hannah-Shmouni,Karen Niederhoffer et al.
Roseanne O Yeung et al.
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of conditions defined by resultant chronic hyperglycemia. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the increasing understanding of genetic etiologies, we present a broad review of r...
How should incidental NEN of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract be followed? [0.03%]
胰腺和胃肠道偶发神经内分泌肿瘤应该如何随访？
Riccardo Ariotti,Stefano Partelli,Francesca Muffatti et al.
Riccardo Ariotti et al.
Neuroendocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic neoplasms (GEP-NENs) constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors, whose incidence has increased over the years. The most frequent site for primary disease is the stomach followed by small and large int...