Current Concepts to Muscle-Based Procedures to Treat Upper Limb Spasticity: Forearm, Wrist, and Hand Deformities [0.03%]
当前以肌肉为基础的手术治疗上肢痉挛：前臂、腕和手畸形
Trina Stephens,Peter Charles Rhee
Trina Stephens
Spastic forearm, wrist, and hand deformities in isolation or collectively can markedly hinder function and/or provide challenges with hygiene. When muscle contracture is the main contributor to the spastic deformity, muscle-based and tendon...
Current Concepts to Muscle-Based Procedures to Treat Upper Limb Spasticity: Shoulder and Elbow Deformities [0.03%]
治疗上肢痉挛的肌张力畸形的概念与肌肉基础手术：肩关节和肘关节畸形
Trina Stephens,Peter Charles Rhee
Trina Stephens
Muscle-based procedures have been the mainstay of surgical treatment of spastic upper limb deformities, in particular when muscle contractures are a main contributor to the deformity. The type of muscle-based procedures that are utilized to...
Emerging Role of Cryoneurolysis in Spasticity Management: A Narrative Review [0.03%]
痉挛管理中冷冻消融治疗神经的新兴作用：综述性文章
Ève Boissonnault,Anton Pick,Jose Pereira et al.
Ève Boissonnault et al.
Cryoneurolysis is a minimally invasive procedure, guided by ultrasound and electrical stimulation, that uses controlled freezing to manage spasticity by inducing reversible axonotmesis. It has shown promising outcomes in adult and pediatric...
Salvatore Facciorusso,Stefania Spina,Nicoletta Cinone et al.
Salvatore Facciorusso et al.
This narrative review synthesizes current understanding of peripheral neuromodulation for spasticity. It navigates the spectrum of electrical and mechanical techniques, elucidating their operative mechanisms and clinical utility. The potent...
Alessandro Picelli,Rita Di Censo,Nicola Smania et al.
Alessandro Picelli et al.
This narrative review examines the potential role of physical modalities in the multidisciplinary management of spasticity, focusing on their physiologic mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and integration with pharmacologic and rehabilitative s...
Aiko K Thompson,Thomas Sinkjær
Aiko K Thompson
The central nervous system (CNS) generates various motor functions, in part by modulating the excitability of spinal reflex pathways. When a reflex becomes not modulable or its modulation becomes impaired due to spinal cord lesions or other...
Neuromuscular Maladaptive Changes in Spastic Muscles and Implications for Spasticity Management [0.03%]
痉挛肌肉的神经肌肉适应不良变化及对痉挛管理的意义
Sheng Li
Sheng Li
This article reviews the neuromuscular maladaptation in spastic muscles, including motor unit remodeling, muscle fiber changes, and the accumulation of hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix, and fibrosis of connective tissues and fascia th...
Chronic Spasticity Care [0.03%]
慢性僵硬性护理
Alessio Baricich,Marco Battaglia
Alessio Baricich
Chronic spasticity is a dynamic, multifactorial condition that demands continuous, personalized management. This article reviews the evolving pathophysiology of spasticity, emphasizing the interplay of neural hyperexcitability and structura...
Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez,Caleb T Cable,Natasha L Romanoski
Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez
Disparities in spasticity care contribute to preventable morbidity and unequal rehabilitation outcomes. Structural inequities in health care access, underrepresentation in clinical trials, and limited awareness of spasticity in underserved ...
Rozina Bhimani,Jiayue Bella Xiong,Lisa Anderson
Rozina Bhimani
Spasticity is an individual, sensory-motor experience that is correlated with nonmotor symptoms of pain, fatigue, and dysesthesia. Patients and clinicians may have different understandings of spasticity. This discrepancy is complicated beca...