Aiko K Thompson,Thomas Sinkjær
Aiko K Thompson
The central nervous system (CNS) generates various motor functions, in part by modulating the excitability of spinal reflex pathways. When a reflex becomes not modulable or its modulation becomes impaired due to spinal cord lesions or other...
Neuromuscular Maladaptive Changes in Spastic Muscles and Implications for Spasticity Management [0.03%]
痉挛肌肉的神经肌肉适应不良变化及对痉挛管理的意义
Sheng Li
Sheng Li
This article reviews the neuromuscular maladaptation in spastic muscles, including motor unit remodeling, muscle fiber changes, and the accumulation of hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix, and fibrosis of connective tissues and fascia th...
Chronic Spasticity Care [0.03%]
慢性僵硬性护理
Alessio Baricich,Marco Battaglia
Alessio Baricich
Chronic spasticity is a dynamic, multifactorial condition that demands continuous, personalized management. This article reviews the evolving pathophysiology of spasticity, emphasizing the interplay of neural hyperexcitability and structura...
Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez,Caleb T Cable,Natasha L Romanoski
Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez
Disparities in spasticity care contribute to preventable morbidity and unequal rehabilitation outcomes. Structural inequities in health care access, underrepresentation in clinical trials, and limited awareness of spasticity in underserved ...
Rozina Bhimani,Jiayue Bella Xiong,Lisa Anderson
Rozina Bhimani
Spasticity is an individual, sensory-motor experience that is correlated with nonmotor symptoms of pain, fatigue, and dysesthesia. Patients and clinicians may have different understandings of spasticity. This discrepancy is complicated beca...
Melissa J Tinney,Alexander M Senk
Melissa J Tinney
Adaptive Sports Medicine: Health, Rehabilitation, and Training for Para-Athletes [0.03%]
适应性运动医学：残疾人运动员的健康、康复和训练
Blessen C Eapen
Blessen C Eapen
Johan Latorre,Jereme Wilroy,Victoria Christian et al.
Johan Latorre et al.
To become a Paralympian and sustain that level, effective training is particularly important. Training extends further than just improving one's physical abilities through strength and conditioning. Training the mind, improving biomechanics...
Niran Vijayaraghavan,Donald Kasitinon,Casey Pierce et al.
Niran Vijayaraghavan et al.
The use of ultrasound in adaptive sports has not been well studied. There is more literature for use in wheelchair athletes who suffer overuse upper extremity injuries, including shoulder and biceps tendon injuries, lateral epicondylosis, u...
Sports-Related Injury Patterns Among Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review [0.03%]
智力障碍运动员的运动损伤模式：系统综述
Mary E Dubon,Priya Chandan,Peyton Purcell et al.
Mary E Dubon et al.
We present a scoping review regarding sports-related injury patterns in athletes with intellectual disabilities. We examined studies published through February 1, 2025 that were retrieved through librarian performed literature searches. The...