Natalya Nagornaya,Gaurav Saigal
Natalya Nagornaya
Suresh K Mukherji
Suresh K Mukherji
Chia-Hsin Chen,Hung-Chieh Chen,Sheng-Che Hung
Chia-Hsin Chen
Pediatric encephalopathy presents a diagnostic challenge due to overlapping clinical features across multiple etiologies. Among these, inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune causes are important as many are reversible with prompt recognit...
Selima Siala,Cesar Alves,Carolina V Guimaraes
Selima Siala
Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) comprise a diverse group of rare genetic conditions that frequently present with neurologic manifestations in infancy and childhood. Brain MR imaging remains a critical tool for suggesting the diagnosis ...
Rami W Eldaya,Matthew S Parsons
Rami W Eldaya
This article provides a comprehensive review of acute encephalopathic syndromes caused by multiple therapeutic medications, emphasizing their imaging features and underlying mechanisms. It covers chemotherapeutic-related acute encephalopath...
Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Opioid and other Illicit or Abused Drugs and Environmental Toxins [0.03%]
急性毒物性白质脑病：阿片类及其他非法或滥用药物和环境毒素所致
Tanushree Banerjee,Mark Oswood,Can Özütemiz
Tanushree Banerjee
Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy is characterized by white-matter injury from exposure to drugs, toxins, or environmental agents. Illicit drugs, including opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, and nitrous oxide, can cause white and gray matter dam...
Nikki L Freedman,Zofia M Lasiecka,Brent D Weinberg
Nikki L Freedman
Infectious encephalopathies often present with nonspecific symptomatology; however, patient history, patterns of brain involvement, and comorbidities and immune status can give clues about the cause of infection. This article describes spec...
Maria J Borja,Akarshan Monga,Sameer Samtani et al.
Maria J Borja et al.
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a disorder in which the immune system targets the central nervous system. AE can be paraneoplastic or postinfectious, though many cases lack a clear trigger. AE typically presents acutely or subacutely with a...
Natalya Nagornaya,Julieta Aristizabal,Alexander McKinney et al.
Natalya Nagornaya et al.
This article provides an overview of vascular and hematologic disorders affecting the central nervous system, highlighting their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, differential diagnoses, and management considerations. It cov...
Diego Cardoso Fragoso,Artemis Dalali do Nascimento Alves,Leandro Tavares Lucato
Diego Cardoso Fragoso
Metabolic derangements and vitamin deficiencies represent one category of important, potentially reversible causes of acute encephalopathy, also termed "potentially reversible acute encephalopathic syndromes." This article summarizes their ...