Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair and the Transcriptional Response to UV-Induced DNA Damage [0.03%]
transcription-coupled核酸切除修复与DNA损伤的转录反应
Nicolás Nieto Moreno,Anouk M Olthof,Jesper Q Svejstrup
Nicolás Nieto Moreno
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and other genotoxic stresses induce bulky DNA lesions, which threaten genome stability and cell viability. Cells have evolved two main repair pathways to remove such lesions: global genome nucleotide excision re...
Mechanism of Radical Initiation in the Radical SAM Enzyme Superfamily [0.03%]
Radical SAM酶家族的自由基启动机制
Brian M Hoffman,William E Broderick,Joan B Broderick
Brian M Hoffman
Radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes use a site-differentiated [4Fe-4S] cluster and SAM to initiate radical reactions through liberation of the 5'-deoxyadenosyl (5'-dAdo•) radical. They form the largest enzyme superfamily, with more ...
Polyamines in Parkinson's Disease: Balancing Between Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection [0.03%]
多胺与帕金森病：神经毒性与神经保护之间的平衡
Stephanie Vrijsen,Marine Houdou,Ana Cascalho et al.
Stephanie Vrijsen et al.
The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are abundant polycations of vital importance in mammalian cells. Their cellular levels are tightly regulated by degradation and synthesis, as well as by uptake and export. Here, we discuss...
Wendy V Gilbert,Sigrid Nachtergaele
Wendy V Gilbert
Chemical modifications on mRNA represent a critical layer of gene expression regulation. Research in this area has continued to accelerate over the last decade, as more modifications are being characterized with increasing depth and breadth...
The Design and Application of DNA-Editing Enzymes as Base Editors [0.03%]
DNA编辑酶的设计与应用——作为碱基编辑器的案例分析
Kartik L Rallapalli,Alexis C Komor
Kartik L Rallapalli
DNA-editing enzymes perform chemical reactions on DNA nucleobases. These reactions can change the genetic identity of the modified base or modulate gene expression. Interest in DNA-editing enzymes has burgeoned in recent years due to the ad...
Zhexin Wang,Stefan Raunser
Zhexin Wang
Muscles are essential for movement and heart function. Contraction and relaxation of muscles rely on the sliding of two types of filaments-the thin filament and the thick myosin filament. The thin filament is composed mainly of filamentous ...
Laura E Newman,Gerald S Shadel
Laura E Newman
According to the endosymbiotic theory, most of the DNA of the original bacterial endosymbiont has been lost or transferred to the nucleus, leaving a much smaller (∼16 kb in mammals), circular molecule that is the present-day mitochondrial ...
Tomas Robert Lindahl
Tomas Robert Lindahl
In this autobiographical article, I reflect on my Swedish background. Then I discuss endogenous DNA alterations and the base excision repair pathway and alternative repair strategies for some unusual DNA lesions. Endogenous DNA damage, such...
3'-End Processing of Eukaryotic mRNA: Machinery, Regulation, and Impact on Gene Expression [0.03%]
真核生物mRNA 3'端加工：机器、调控及对基因表达的影响
Vytautė Boreikaitė,Lori A Passmore
Vytautė Boreikaitė
Formation of the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA is a key step in the production of a mature transcript. This process is mediated by a number of protein factors that cleave the pre-mRNA, add a poly(A) tail, and regulate transcription by protein...
Christopher P Selby,Laura A Lindsey-Boltz,Wentao Li et al.
Christopher P Selby et al.
Transcription-coupled repair (TCR), discovered as preferential nucleotide excision repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers located in transcribed mammalian genes compared to those in nontranscribed regions of the genome, is defin...