Polyamines in Parkinson's Disease: Balancing Between Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection [0.03%]
多胺与帕金森病：神经毒性与神经保护之间的平衡
Stephanie Vrijsen,Marine Houdou,Ana Cascalho et al.
Stephanie Vrijsen et al.
The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are abundant polycations of vital importance in mammalian cells. Their cellular levels are tightly regulated by degradation and synthesis, as well as by uptake and export. Here, we discuss...
Wendy V Gilbert,Sigrid Nachtergaele
Wendy V Gilbert
Chemical modifications on mRNA represent a critical layer of gene expression regulation. Research in this area has continued to accelerate over the last decade, as more modifications are being characterized with increasing depth and breadth...
The Design and Application of DNA-Editing Enzymes as Base Editors [0.03%]
DNA编辑酶的设计与应用——作为碱基编辑器的案例分析
Kartik L Rallapalli,Alexis C Komor
Kartik L Rallapalli
DNA-editing enzymes perform chemical reactions on DNA nucleobases. These reactions can change the genetic identity of the modified base or modulate gene expression. Interest in DNA-editing enzymes has burgeoned in recent years due to the ad...
Zhexin Wang,Stefan Raunser
Zhexin Wang
Muscles are essential for movement and heart function. Contraction and relaxation of muscles rely on the sliding of two types of filaments-the thin filament and the thick myosin filament. The thin filament is composed mainly of filamentous ...
Laura E Newman,Gerald S Shadel
Laura E Newman
According to the endosymbiotic theory, most of the DNA of the original bacterial endosymbiont has been lost or transferred to the nucleus, leaving a much smaller (∼16 kb in mammals), circular molecule that is the present-day mitochondrial ...
Tomas Robert Lindahl
Tomas Robert Lindahl
In this autobiographical article, I reflect on my Swedish background. Then I discuss endogenous DNA alterations and the base excision repair pathway and alternative repair strategies for some unusual DNA lesions. Endogenous DNA damage, such...
3'-End Processing of Eukaryotic mRNA: Machinery, Regulation, and Impact on Gene Expression [0.03%]
真核生物mRNA 3'端加工：机器、调控及对基因表达的影响
Vytautė Boreikaitė,Lori A Passmore
Vytautė Boreikaitė
Formation of the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA is a key step in the production of a mature transcript. This process is mediated by a number of protein factors that cleave the pre-mRNA, add a poly(A) tail, and regulate transcription by protein...
Christopher P Selby,Laura A Lindsey-Boltz,Wentao Li et al.
Christopher P Selby et al.
Transcription-coupled repair (TCR), discovered as preferential nucleotide excision repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers located in transcribed mammalian genes compared to those in nontranscribed regions of the genome, is defin...
The Activation Mechanism of the Insulin Receptor: A Structural Perspective [0.03%]
从结构角度解析胰岛素受体的激活机制
Eunhee Choi,Xiao-Chen Bai
Eunhee Choi
The insulin receptor (IR) is a type II receptor tyrosine kinase that plays essential roles in metabolism, growth, and proliferation. Dysregulation of IR signaling is linked to many human diseases, such as diabetes and cancers. The resolutio...
The Inseparable Relationship Between Cholesterol and Hedgehog Signaling [0.03%]
胆固醇与Hedgehog信号通路的相互关系研究
Christian Siebold,Rajat Rohatgi
Christian Siebold
Ligands of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway are paracrine signaling molecules that coordinate tissue development in metazoans. A remarkable feature of HH signaling is the repeated use of cholesterol in steps spanning ligand biogenesis, secretion, ...