The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and its Pentameric Homologs: Toward an Allosteric Mechanism of Signal Transduction at the Atomic Level [0.03%]
烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体及其五聚同源物：朝向原子水平的信号转导别构机制
Marco Cecchini,Pierre-Jean Corringer,Jean-Pierre Changeux
Marco Cecchini
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has served, since its biochemical identification in the 1970s, as a model of an allosteric ligand-gated ion channel mediating signal transition at the synapse. In recent years, the application of X-ray c...
Hyesung Jeon,Emre Tkacik,Michael J Eck
Hyesung Jeon
RAF family protein kinases are a key node in the RAS/RAF/MAP kinase pathway, the signaling cascade that controls cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival in response to engagement of growth factor receptors on the cell surface....
A Life of Translocations [0.03%]
易位的人生
Tom A Rapoport
Tom A Rapoport
Writing a career retrospective for this prestigious series is a huge challenge. Is my story really of that much interest? One thing that is different about my life in science is the heavy influence of the turmoil of the past century. Born i...
Zhipeng Li,Mike Lange,Scott J Dixon et al.
Zhipeng Li et al.
Cellular quality control systems sense and mediate homeostatic responses to prevent the buildup of aberrant macromolecules, which arise from errors during biosynthesis, damage by environmental insults, or imbalances in enzymatic and metabol...
Eugene Kim,Roman Barth,Cees Dekker
Eugene Kim
SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) protein complexes are an evolutionarily conserved family of motor proteins that hold sister chromatids together and fold genomes throughout the cell cycle by DNA loop extrusion. These complexes pl...
Noam Prywes,Naiya R Phillips,Owen T Tuck et al.
Noam Prywes et al.
Carbon fixation is the process by which CO2 is converted from a gas into biomass. The Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBB) is the dominant carbon-consuming pathway on Earth, driving >99.5% of the ∼120 billion tons of carbon that are converted...
The Proteins of mRNA Modification: Writers, Readers, and Erasers [0.03%]
参与RNA修饰的蛋白：“书写器”、“阅读器”和“擦除器”
Mathieu N Flamand,Matthew Tegowski,Kate D Meyer
Mathieu N Flamand
Over the past decade, mRNA modifications have emerged as important regulators of gene expression control in cells. Fueled in large part by the development of tools for detecting RNA modifications transcriptome wide, researchers have uncover...
Thiolase: A Versatile Biocatalyst Employing Coenzyme A-Thioester Chemistry for Making and Breaking C-C Bonds [0.03%]
硫酯酶：一种利用辅酶A-硫酯化学进行C-C键合成与断裂的多功能生物催化剂
Rajesh K Harijan,Subhadra Dalwani,Tiila-Riikka Kiema et al.
Rajesh K Harijan et al.
Thiolases are CoA-dependent enzymes that catalyze the thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-CoA, as well as its reverse reaction, which is the thioester-dependent Claisen condensation reaction. Thiolases are dimers or tetramers (dimers of dimers...
Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair and the Transcriptional Response to UV-Induced DNA Damage [0.03%]
transcription-coupled核酸切除修复与DNA损伤的转录反应
Nicolás Nieto Moreno,Anouk M Olthof,Jesper Q Svejstrup
Nicolás Nieto Moreno
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and other genotoxic stresses induce bulky DNA lesions, which threaten genome stability and cell viability. Cells have evolved two main repair pathways to remove such lesions: global genome nucleotide excision re...
Mechanism of Radical Initiation in the Radical SAM Enzyme Superfamily [0.03%]
Radical SAM酶家族的自由基启动机制
Brian M Hoffman,William E Broderick,Joan B Broderick
Brian M Hoffman
Radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes use a site-differentiated [4Fe-4S] cluster and SAM to initiate radical reactions through liberation of the 5'-deoxyadenosyl (5'-dAdo•) radical. They form the largest enzyme superfamily, with more ...