The discovery of zinc fingers and their applications in gene regulation and genome manipulation [0.03%]
锌指的发现及其在基因调控和基因组操作中的应用
Aaron Klug
Aaron Klug
An account is given of the discovery of the classical Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger, arising from the interpretation of biochemical studies on the interaction of the Xenopus protein transcription factor IIIA with 5S RNA, and of structural studie...
From virus structure to chromatin: X-ray diffraction to three-dimensional electron microscopy [0.03%]
从病毒结构到染色质：X射线衍射到三维电子显微镜技术的发展
Aaron Klug
Aaron Klug
Early influences led me first to medical school with a view to microbiology, but I felt the lack of a deeper foundation and changed to chemistry, which in turn led me to physics and mathematics. I moved to the University of Cape Town to wor...
The mechanism of double-strand DNA break repair by the nonhomologous DNA end-joining pathway [0.03%]
非同源末端连接途径修复双链DNA断裂的机制
Michael R Lieber
Michael R Lieber
Double-strand DNA breaks are common events in eukaryotic cells, and there are two major pathways for repairing them: homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous DNA end joining (NHEJ). The various causes of double-strand breaks (DSBs) r...
Kazuko Nishikura
Kazuko Nishikura
One type of RNA editing converts adenosines to inosines (A-->I editing) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. A-->I RNA editing is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes. A-->I RNA editing of protein-coding sequen...
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase: an enzyme of cholesterol turnover in the brain [0.03%]
胆固醇24-羟化酶：大脑中的一种胆固醇周转酶
David W Russell,Rebekkah W Halford,Denise M O Ramirez et al.
David W Russell et al.
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase is a highly conserved cytochrome P450 that is responsible for the majority of cholesterol turnover in the vertebrate central nervous system. The enzyme is expressed in neurons, including hippocampal and cortical n...
Bo Huang,Mark Bates,Xiaowei Zhuang
Bo Huang
Achieving a spatial resolution that is not limited by the diffraction of light, recent developments of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques allow the observation of many biological structures not resolvable in conventional fl...
Axel T Brunger,Keith Weninger,Mark Bowen et al.
Axel T Brunger et al.
SNAREs are essential components of the machinery for Ca(2+)-triggered fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, resulting in neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft. Although much is known about their biophysical and st...
Dennis R Voelker
Dennis R Voelker
Robust lipid traffic within and among membranes is essential for cell growth and membrane biogenesis. Many of these transport reactions occur by nonvesicular pathways, and the genetic and biochemical details of these processes are now begin...
Mary Katherine Tarrant,Philip A Cole
Mary Katherine Tarrant
The explosion of scientific interest in protein kinase-mediated signaling networks has led to the infusion of new chemical methods and their applications related to the analysis of phosphorylation pathways. We highlight some of these chemic...
Brian Skaug,Xiaomo Jiang,Zhijian J Chen
Brian Skaug
Nuclear factor kappa enhancer binding protein (NF-kappaB) regulates diverse biological processes including immunity, inflammation, and apoptosis. A vast array of cellular stimuli converges on NF-kappaB, and ubiquitination plays an essential...