Social epidemiology: social determinants of health in the United States: are we losing ground? [0.03%]
社会流行病学：美国健康的社会决定因素：我们在进步还是在退步？
Lisa F Berkman
Lisa F Berkman
The United States ranks in the lower tiers of OECD countries in life expectancy, and recent studies indicate that socioeconomic inequalities in health have been widening in the past decades. Over this period, many rigorous longitudinal stud...
Public health. Preface [0.03%]
公共卫生。序言
Jonathan E Fielding
Jonathan E Fielding
Stephen M Shortell,Pamela K Washington,Raymond J Baxter
Stephen M Shortell
This article reviews evidence on hospitals' and health systems' impacts on community health improvement. We begin with an overview of the history of community benefit and then discuss the lack of a widely accepted definition and measurement...
Quality-based financial incentives in health care: can we improve quality by paying for it? [0.03%]
基于质量的医疗卫生激励机制：我们能够通过支付来提高医疗质量吗？
Douglas A Conrad,Lisa Perry
Douglas A Conrad
This article asks whether financial incentives can improve the quality of health care. A conceptual framework drawn from microeconomics, agency theory, behavioral economics, and cognitive psychology motivates a set of propositions about inc...
Kenneth W Kizer,R Adams Dudley
Kenneth W Kizer
The veterans health care system administered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) was established after World War I to provide health care for veterans who suffered from conditions related to their military service. It has grown ...
The delivery of public health interventions via the Internet: actualizing their potential [0.03%]
通过互联网传递公共卫生干预措施：实现其潜力
Gary G Bennett,Russell E Glasgow
Gary G Bennett
The Internet increasingly serves as a platform for the delivery of public health interventions. The efficacy of Internet interventions has been demonstrated across a wide range of conditions. Much more work remains, however, to enhance the ...
John P Elder,Guadalupe X Ayala,Deborah Parra-Medina et al.
John P Elder et al.
With reference to the Communication-Persuasion model, we describe various research issues and challenges when considering the health of Latinos, and implications for designing and evaluating health communication and behavior change efforts ...
Evidence-based public health: a fundamental concept for public health practice [0.03%]
基于证据的公共卫生：公共卫生实践的基本概念
Ross C Brownson,Jonathan E Fielding,Christopher M Maylahn
Ross C Brownson
Despite the many accomplishments of public health, a greater attention to evidence-based approaches is warranted. This article reviews the concepts of evidence-based public health (EBPH), on which formal discourse originated about a decade ...
C Hendricks Brown,Thomas R Ten Have,Booil Jo et al.
C Hendricks Brown et al.
In this article, we present a discussion of two general ways in which the traditional randomized trial can be modified or adapted in response to the data being collected. We use the term adaptive design to refer to a trial in which characte...
Health effects of arsenic and chromium in drinking water: recent human findings [0.03%]
饮水中的砷和铬的健康影响：近期的人体研究发现
Allan H Smith,Craig M Steinmaus
Allan H Smith
Even at high concentrations, arsenic-contaminated water is translucent, tasteless, and odorless. Yet almost every day, studies report a continually increasing plethora of toxic effects that have manifested in exposed populations throughout ...