Toward a systems approach to enteric pathogen transmission: from individual independence to community interdependence [0.03%]
从个体独立到社区相互依存：迈向系统方法研究肠道病原体传播
Joseph N S Eisenberg,James Trostle,Reed J D Sorensen et al.
Joseph N S Eisenberg et al.
Diarrheal disease is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide; thus a large body of research has been produced describing its risks. We review more than four decades of literature on diarrheal disease epidemiology. These stu...
Dora M Dumont,Brad Brockmann,Samuel Dickman et al.
Dora M Dumont et al.
An unprecedented number of Americans have been incarcerated in the past generation. In addition, arrests are concentrated in low-income, predominantly nonwhite communities where people are more likely to be medically underserved. As a resul...
Ana V Diez Roux
Ana V Diez Roux
Scientific and policy interest in health disparities, defined as systematic, plausibly avoidable health differences adversely affecting socially disadvantaged groups, has increased markedly over the past few decades. Like other research, re...
Preventability of cancer: the relative contributions of biologic and social and physical environmental determinants of cancer mortality [0.03%]
癌症的可预防性：生物因素以及社会和物理环境因素在癌症死亡率中的相对作用
Graham A Colditz,Esther K Wei
Graham A Colditz
Whereas models of cancer disparities and variation in cancer burden within population groups now specify multiple levels of action from biologic processes to individual risk factors and social and physical contextual factors, approaches to ...
Noreen M Clark
Noreen M Clark
The prevalence and burden of childhood asthma remain high and are increasing. Asthma hot spot neighborhoods around the country face particular challenges in controlling the effects of the condition. Increasing attention is being paid to dev...
Sara N Bleich,Marian P Jarlenski,Caryn N Bell et al.
Sara N Bleich et al.
Health inequalities, which have been well documented for decades, have more recently become policy targets in developed countries. This review describes time trends in health inequalities (by sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status), ...
The hurrider I go the behinder I get: the deteriorating international ranking of U.S. health status [0.03%]
越是加快后退越快：美国卫生状况的国际排名恶化
Stephen Bezruchka
Stephen Bezruchka
The health of societies can be measured by a range of mortality indicators, and comparisons of national parameters with those of other societies can be symbolic of health status and progress. Over the past century, health outcomes have been...
Lawrence W Green,Jonathan Fielding
Lawrence W Green
Unlike most government initiatives in health, the Healthy People initiative of the U.S. federal government was crafted and sustained not as a federal initiative, but as a "national initiative" eliciting participation from nongovernmental na...
Proportion of the decline in cardiovascular mortality disease due to prevention versus treatment: public health versus clinical care [0.03%]
心血管疾病死亡率下降有多少归因于预防而非治疗：公共卫生VS临床护理
Earl S Ford,Simon Capewell
Earl S Ford
Mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD), which had risen during the twentieth century in many countries, started declining in some countries during the 1960s. Once initial skepticism about the validity of the observed trends dissi...
L H Lumey,Aryeh D Stein,Ezra Susser
L H Lumey
We review human studies on the relation between acute exposures to prenatal famine and adult physical and mental health. These studies are observational and include exposures to a famine environment by natural or man-made causes or, more co...