Health disparities research in global perspective: new insights and new directions [0.03%]
全球视角下的卫生不公平研究：新见解和新方向
Shiriki Kumanyika
Shiriki Kumanyika
This commentary introduces this volume's symposium on "Comparative Approaches to Reducing Health Disparities." Disparities in the health of socially and economically disadvantaged compared with more advantaged populations are observed world...
Kenneth E Thorpe,Meredith Philyaw
Kenneth E Thorpe
U.S. health care spending has increased dramatically in the past several decades, consuming 17.6% percent ($2.6 trillion) of GDP in 2010. Although historical spending drivers do not account for this recent increase, two major changes in pop...
Sarah Stewart de Ramirez,Adnan A Hyder,Hadley K Herbert et al.
Sarah Stewart de Ramirez et al.
The World Health Organization estimates injuries accounted for more than 5 million deaths in 2004, significantly impacting the global burden of disease. Nearly 3.9 million of these deaths were due to unintentional injury, a cause also respo...
B Starfield,J Gérvas,D Mangin
B Starfield
Health disparities, also known as health inequities, are systematic and potentially remediable differences in one or more aspects of health across population groups defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically. This to...
Harold C Sox,Steven N Goodman
Harold C Sox
This review describes methods used in comparative effectiveness research (CER). The aim of CER is to improve decisions that affect medical care at the levels of both policy and the individual. The key elements of CER are (a) head-to-head co...
Disparities in infant mortality and effective, equitable care: are infants suffering from benign neglect? [0.03%]
婴儿死亡率的差异及有效、公平的医疗保健：婴儿是否正在遭受善意的忽视？
Diane L Rowley,Vijaya Hogan
Diane L Rowley
Quality care for infant mortality disparity elimination requires services that improve health status at both the individual and the population level. We examine disparity reduction due to effective care and ask the following question: Has c...
Economic evaluation of pharmaco- and behavioral therapies for smoking cessation: a critical and systematic review of empirical research [0.03%]
戒烟的药物和行为疗法的经济评估：实证研究的系统而批判性的回顾
Jennifer Prah Ruger,Christina M Lazar
Jennifer Prah Ruger
Economic evaluations are an important tool to improve our understanding of the costs and effects of health care services and to create sustainable health care systems. This article critically assesses empirical evidence from economic evalua...
Quitlines and nicotine replacement for smoking cessation: do we need to change policy? [0.03%]
戒烟热线和尼古丁替代疗法：我们还需要改变政策吗？
John P Pierce,Sharon E Cummins,Martha M White et al.
John P Pierce et al.
In the past 20 years, public health initiatives on smoking cessation have increased substantially. Randomized trials indicate that pharmaceutical cessation aids can increase success by 50% among heavier smokers who seek help, and use of the...
Eileen A Murphy,Gloria B Post,Brian T Buckley et al.
Eileen A Murphy et al.
Over the past several decades, human health protection for chemical contaminants in drinking water has been accomplished by development of chemical-specific standards. This approach alone is not feasible to address current issues of the occ...
Suicide mortality in the United States: the importance of attending to method in understanding population-level disparities in the burden of suicide [0.03%]
美国自杀死亡率：关注方法在理解人口层面的自杀负担不平等方面的重要性
Matthew Miller,Deborah Azrael,Catherine Barber
Matthew Miller
Suicide mortality varies widely across age, sex, race, and geography, far more than does mortality from the leading causes of natural death. Unlike the tight correlation between cancer mortality and the incidence of cancer, suicide mortalit...