Harold C Sox,Steven N Goodman
Harold C Sox
This review describes methods used in comparative effectiveness research (CER). The aim of CER is to improve decisions that affect medical care at the levels of both policy and the individual. The key elements of CER are (a) head-to-head co...
Disparities in infant mortality and effective, equitable care: are infants suffering from benign neglect? [0.03%]
婴儿死亡率的差异及有效、公平的医疗保健：婴儿是否正在遭受善意的忽视？
Diane L Rowley,Vijaya Hogan
Diane L Rowley
Quality care for infant mortality disparity elimination requires services that improve health status at both the individual and the population level. We examine disparity reduction due to effective care and ask the following question: Has c...
Economic evaluation of pharmaco- and behavioral therapies for smoking cessation: a critical and systematic review of empirical research [0.03%]
戒烟的药物和行为疗法的经济评估：实证研究的系统而批判性的回顾
Jennifer Prah Ruger,Christina M Lazar
Jennifer Prah Ruger
Economic evaluations are an important tool to improve our understanding of the costs and effects of health care services and to create sustainable health care systems. This article critically assesses empirical evidence from economic evalua...
Quitlines and nicotine replacement for smoking cessation: do we need to change policy? [0.03%]
戒烟热线和尼古丁替代疗法：我们还需要改变政策吗？
John P Pierce,Sharon E Cummins,Martha M White et al.
John P Pierce et al.
In the past 20 years, public health initiatives on smoking cessation have increased substantially. Randomized trials indicate that pharmaceutical cessation aids can increase success by 50% among heavier smokers who seek help, and use of the...
Eileen A Murphy,Gloria B Post,Brian T Buckley et al.
Eileen A Murphy et al.
Over the past several decades, human health protection for chemical contaminants in drinking water has been accomplished by development of chemical-specific standards. This approach alone is not feasible to address current issues of the occ...
Suicide mortality in the United States: the importance of attending to method in understanding population-level disparities in the burden of suicide [0.03%]
美国自杀死亡率：关注方法在理解人口层面的自杀负担不平等方面的重要性
Matthew Miller,Deborah Azrael,Catherine Barber
Matthew Miller
Suicide mortality varies widely across age, sex, race, and geography, far more than does mortality from the leading causes of natural death. Unlike the tight correlation between cancer mortality and the incidence of cancer, suicide mortalit...
Systems science methods in public health: dynamics, networks, and agents [0.03%]
系统科学在公共卫生中的应用：动态、网络及个体方法
Douglas A Luke,Katherine A Stamatakis
Douglas A Luke
Complex systems abound in public health. Complex systems are made up of heterogeneous elements that interact with one another, have emergent properties that are not explained by understanding the individual elements of the system, persist o...
From small area variations to accountable care organizations: how health services research can inform policy [0.03%]
从医疗服务的小规模差异到问责护理组织：健康服务研究如何影响政策制定
Harold S Luft
Harold S Luft
Much of health services research seeks to inform particular policy choices and is best characterized as policy-driven research. The reverse, research-driven policy, occurs when studies alter how people perceive reality, which eventually lea...
Policies for healthier communities: historical, legal, and practical elements of the obesity prevention movement [0.03%]
肥胖预防运动的历史、法律和实践要素：建设更健康社区的政策框架
Samantha K Graff,Manel Kappagoda,Heather M Wooten et al.
Samantha K Graff et al.
The U.S. population is facing an obesity crisis wrought with severe health and economic costs. Because social and environmental factors have a powerful influence over lifestyle choices, a national obesity prevention strategy must involve po...
Rune Elvik
Rune Elvik
This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the effects of speed limit enforcement on public health. Speed limits are commonly used around the world to regulate the maximum speed at which motor vehicles can be operated on public road...