Sonia M Najjar,Sonia Caprio,Amalia Gastaldelli
Sonia M Najjar
Insulin action is impaired in type 2 diabetes. The functions of the hormone are an integrated product of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and insulin clearance by receptor-mediated endocytosis and degradation, mostly in liver (hep...
Elizabeth J Goldsmith,Aylin R Rodan
Elizabeth J Goldsmith
The with no lysine (K) (WNK) kinases are an evolutionarily ancient group of kinases with atypical placement of the catalytic lysine and diverse physiological roles. Recent studies have shown that WNKs are directly regulated by chloride, pot...
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Junctions as Sites of Depolarization-Induced Ca2+ Signaling in Excitable Cells [0.03%]
兴奋性细胞中内质网-胞浆膜连接作为去极化诱导的Ca2+信号转导部位
Rose E Dixon,James S Trimmer
Rose E Dixon
Membrane contact sites between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM), or ER-PM junctions, are found in all eukaryotic cells. In excitable cells they play unique roles in organizing diverse forms of Ca2+ signaling as triggered ...
Kubra F Naqvi,Stuart B Mazzone,Michael U Shiloh
Kubra F Naqvi
Coughing is a dynamic physiological process resulting from input of vagal sensory neurons innervating the airways and perceived airway irritation. Although cough serves to protect and clear the airways, it can also be exploited by respirato...
Alexandria V Harrison,Felipe Ramos Lorenzo,Donald A McClain
Alexandria V Harrison
High iron is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and affects most of its cardinal features: decreased insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. This is true across the normal range of tissue...
β-Adrenergic Receptors and Adipose Tissue Metabolism: Evolution of an Old Story [0.03%]
β肾上腺素受体与脂肪组织代谢：旧事重提
Sheila Collins
Sheila Collins
The role of β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) in adipose tissue to promote lipolysis and the release of fatty acids and nonshivering thermogenesis in brown fat has been studied for so many decades that one would think there is nothing left to...
Roles of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Cardiovascular and Cardiorenal Diseases [0.03%]
盐皮质激素受体在心血管和心肾疾病中的作用
Jonatan Barrera-Chimal,Benjamin Bonnard,Frederic Jaisser
Jonatan Barrera-Chimal
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in the heart and vessels leads to pathological effects, such as excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, oxidative stress, and sustained inflammation. In these organs, the MR is expressed in ca...
Alcohol-Associated Tissue Injury: Current Views on Pathophysiological Mechanisms [0.03%]
酒精引起的组织损伤：病理生理机制的当前观点
Liz Simon,Flavia M Souza-Smith,Patricia E Molina
Liz Simon
At-risk alcohol use is a major contributor to the global health care burden and leads to preventable deaths and diseases including alcohol addiction, alcoholic liver disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, traumatic injuries, gastrointes...
Hannah R Spaulding,Zhen Yan
Hannah R Spaulding
Noncommunicable diseases are chronic diseases that contribute to death worldwide, but these diseases can be prevented and mitigated with regular exercise. Exercise activates signaling molecules and the transcriptional network to promote phy...
Michael S Balzer,Tibor Rohacs,Katalin Susztak
Michael S Balzer
The kidney maintains electrolyte, water, and acid-base balance, eliminates foreign and waste compounds, regulates blood pressure, and secretes hormones. There are at least 16 different highly specialized epithelial cell types in the mammali...