The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Relationship Between Diet and Human Health [0.03%]
肠道微生物群在饮食与人类健康关系中的作用
Bryce K Perler,Elliot S Friedman,Gary D Wu
Bryce K Perler
The interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health is complex. Diets associated with health have many similarities: high fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols while being low in saturated fats, sodium, and refined car...
Taylor S Adams,Arnaud Marlier,Naftali Kaminski
Taylor S Adams
The human lung cellular portfolio, traditionally characterized by cellular morphology and individual markers, is highly diverse, with over 40 cell types and a complex branching structure highly adapted for agile airflow and gas exchange. Wh...
Fatty Acid Transport and Signaling: Mechanisms and Physiological Implications [0.03%]
脂肪酸转运及信号转导：机制及其生理含义
Dmitri Samovski,Miriam Jacome-Sosa,Nada A Abumrad
Dmitri Samovski
Long-chain fatty acids (FAs) are components of plasma membranes and an efficient fuel source and also serve as metabolic regulators through FA signaling mediated by membrane FA receptors. Impaired tissue FA uptake has been linked to major c...
Gouki Okazawa,Roozbeh Kiani
Gouki Okazawa
Neural mechanisms of perceptual decision making have been extensively studied in experimental settings that mimic stable environments with repeating stimuli, fixed rules, and payoffs. In contrast, we live in an ever-changing environment and...
Akiyuki Taruno,Michael D Gordon
Akiyuki Taruno
Salt taste, the taste of sodium chloride (NaCl), is mechanistically one of the most complex and puzzling among basic tastes. Sodium has essential functions in the body but causes harm in excess. Thus, animals use salt taste to ingest the ri...
Transformation of Our Understanding of Breathing Control by Molecular Tools [0.03%]
分子工具改变了我们对呼吸调控机制的认识
Kevin Yackle
Kevin Yackle
The rhythmicity of breath is vital for normal physiology. Even so, breathing is enriched with multifunctionality. External signals constantly change breathing, stopping it when under water or deepening it during exertion. Internal cues util...
L F Barros,I Ruminot,T Sotelo-Hitschfeld et al.
L F Barros et al.
Information processing imposes urgent metabolic demands on neurons, which have negligible energy stores and restricted access to fuel. Here, we discuss metabolic recruitment, the tissue-level phenomenon whereby active neurons harvest resour...
Multiple Facets of Cellular Homeostasis and Regeneration of the Mammalian Liver [0.03%]
多管齐下的哺乳动物肝脏细胞稳态与再生研究
Stacey S Huppert,Robert E Schwartz
Stacey S Huppert
Liver regeneration occurs in response to diverse injuries and is capable of functionally reestablishing the lost parenchyma. This phenomenon has been known since antiquity, encapsulated in the Greek myth where Prometheus was to be punished ...
Se-Jin Lee
Se-Jin Lee
Myostatin (GDF-8) was discovered 25 years ago as a new transforming growth factor-β family member that acts as a master regulator of skeletal muscle mass. Myostatin is made by skeletal myofibers, circulates in the blood, and acts back on m...
Yang Xu,Jason C Kovacic
Yang Xu
The endothelium is one of the largest organ systems in the body, and data continue to emerge regarding the importance of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in vascular aging and a range of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Over the last two de...