The integrity of the esophageal mucosa. Balance between offensive and defensive mechanisms [0.03%]
食管粘膜的完整性。进攻与防御机制的平衡关系
Roy C Orlando
Roy C Orlando
Heartburn is the most common and characteristic symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease. It ultimately results from contact of refluxed gastric acid with nociceptors within the esophageal mucosa and transmission of this peripheral signal...
Philip Woodland,Daniel Sifrim
Philip Woodland
The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal reflux disease is multifactoral. Integral to the disease process is the refluxate itself. The characteristics and composition of the refluxate are dependent on several physiological variables. The reflux...
Sabine Roman,John E Pandolfino
Sabine Roman
The prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) has been increasing worldwide. This increase is likely associated with the increased prevalence of obesity, the ageing of the population and the decreased prevalence of Helicobacter...
The role of delayed gastric emptying and impaired oesophageal body motility [0.03%]
延迟性胃排空和食管体部运动障碍的作用
Roberto Penagini,Ivana Bravi
Roberto Penagini
Delayed gastric emptying in a variable proportion of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease has been observed in most series, however a relationship between delayed gastric emptying and increased gastro-oesophageal reflux has not b...
Alterations confined to the gastro-oesophageal junction: the relationship between low LOSP, TLOSRs, hiatus hernia and acid pocket [0.03%]
局限于胃食管结合部的解剖改变：低位裂孔疝、酸袋和低 LES 压力及 TLOSR 的关系
Guy E Boeckxstaens
Guy E Boeckxstaens
The gastro-oesophageal junction is a specialised segment of the gut designed to prevent reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus. This task is fulfilled by two structures, i.e. the lower oesophageal sphincter and the crural diaphragm,...
Afrin Kamal,Michael F Vaezi
Afrin Kamal
Chronic esophageal exposure to reflux of gastroduodenal contents can result in complications of GERD including esophageal stricture, Barrett's oesophagus or extraesophageal symptoms such as laryngitis, chronic cough or asthma. Endoscopy is ...
Laboratory based investigations for diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease [0.03%]
实验室检查在胃食管反流病诊断中的应用
Mathias Dolder,Radu Tutuian
Mathias Dolder
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) still remains the most common out- GI-related condition in the out-patient setting. While primary care physicians often use empiric trials with proton pump inhibitors (PPI trial) to diagnose GERD, ofte...
Jan G Hatlebakk
Jan G Hatlebakk
Although gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is basically a clinical diagnosis, oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy is essential to assess the type and severity of tissue damage. The main role for endoscopy is to detect metaplastic or premalignant c...
Paul Kuo,Richard H Holloway
Paul Kuo
Symptoms are the main cause of morbidity and a significant impairment of quality of life in reflux disease. The majority of patients report their symptoms to primary care physicians, and do not have objective evidence of reflux oesophagitis...
Disease definition, clinical manifestations, epidemiology and natural history of GERD [0.03%]
GERD的定义、临床表现、流行病学及自然史
Nimish Vakil
Nimish Vakil
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease is a global problem and affects children, adolescents and adults. The incidence of the disease appears to be increasing particularly in Asia where reflux disease has not traditionally been a major health pro...