Retraction: Erratum: Effect Modification in Settings with "Truncation by Death" [0.03%]
撤稿：勘误：截尾死亡设置中的效应修改
Bronner P Gonçalves,Etsuji Suzuki
Bronner P Gonçalves
Obesity from Childhood to Mid-adulthood in the United States: A Synthetic Cohort Approach to Measuring Health Trajectories [0.03%]
美国儿童至中年成人超重和肥胖的流行趋势：采用合成队列方法测量健康轨迹
Natalia E Poveda,Michael R Elliott,Neil K Mehta et al.
Natalia E Poveda et al.
Background: Obesity dynamics early in life are likely important for long-term health, but have only been described piecemeal, because nationally representative longitudinal datasets are few and have limited follow-up dura...
Identification and Estimation of Vaccine Effectiveness in the Test-Negative Design Under Equi-confounding [0.03%]
等偏混杂条件下测试阴性设计的疫苗效果识别与估计
Christopher B Boyer,Kendrick Qijun Li,Xu Shi et al.
Christopher B Boyer et al.
The test-negative design (TND) is widely used to evaluate vaccine effectiveness in real-world settings. In a TND study, individuals with similar symptoms who seek care are tested, and effectiveness is estimated by comparing vaccination hist...
Constructing G-computation Estimators: Two Case Studies in Selection Bias [0.03%]
G-公式估算器的构建：选择偏倚的两个案例研究
Paul N Zivich,Haidong Lu
Paul N Zivich
G-computation is a useful estimation method that can be adapted to address various biases in epidemiology. However, these adaptations may not be obvious for some complex causal structures. This challenge is an example of the much wider issu...
Arvid Sjölander,Iuliana Ciocănea-Teodorescu,Erin E Gabriel
Arvid Sjölander
Unmeasured confounding is an important obstacle when estimating causal effects from observational data. Ding and VanderWeele (EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016;27:368) derived bounds for causal effects, based on sensitivity parameters that quantify the max...
How Should We Study the Indirect Effects of Antimicrobial Treatment Strategies?: A Causal Perspective [0.03%]
我们应该如何研究抗菌治疗策略的间接效应？一种因果关系视角
Juan Gago,Christopher Boyer,Marc Lipsitch
Juan Gago
Effective antimicrobial stewardship requires unbiased assessment of the benefits and harms of different treatment strategies, considering both immediate patient outcomes and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. In principle, these benefits...
Transporting Results from a Trial to an External Target Population When Trial Participation Impacts Adherence [0.03%]
当试验参与影响依从性时，如何将试验结果应用于外部目标人群
Rachael K Ross,Iván Díaz,Amy J Pitts et al.
Rachael K Ross et al.
Randomized clinical trials are considered the gold standard for informing treatment guidelines, but results may not generalize to real-world populations. Generalizability is hindered by distributional differences in baseline covariates and ...
Sonja A Swanson
Sonja A Swanson
Causal identification conditions for the effect of treatment in the treated: Illustration using the Northwest Germany Stroke Registry [0.03%]
利用西北德国卒中登记数据探讨仅接受某种治疗的患者的因果效应识别条件
Catherine Wiener,Paul N Zivich,Tobias Kurth et al.
Catherine Wiener et al.
Background: A set of conditions sufficient to identify the average treatment effect (ATE) in observational data includes no measurement error, causal consistency, and conditional mean exchangeability with positivity. The ...
Timothy L Lash
Timothy L Lash