Kisspeptins and reproduction: physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms [0.03%]
亲吻肽与生殖：生理作用及调节机制
Leonor Pinilla,Enrique Aguilar,Carlos Dieguez et al.
Leonor Pinilla et al.
Procreation is essential for survival of species. Not surprisingly, complex neuronal networks have evolved to mediate the diverse internal and external environmental inputs that regulate reproduction in vertebrates. Ultimately, these regula...
End-plate acetylcholine receptor: structure, mechanism, pharmacology, and disease [0.03%]
终板乙酰胆碱受体：结构、机制、药理学和疾病方面的研究
Steven M Sine
Steven M Sine
The synapse is a localized neurohumoral contact between a neuron and an effector cell and may be considered the quantum of fast intercellular communication. Analogously, the postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor may be considered the quant...
Ritchie E Brown,Radhika Basheer,James T McKenna et al.
Ritchie E Brown et al.
This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness. Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Multiple interacting neurotransmitter systems in the brain stem...
Nada A Abumrad,Nicholas O Davidson
Nada A Abumrad
Intestinal lipid transport plays a central role in fat homeostasis. Here we review the pathways regulating intestinal absorption and delivery of dietary and biliary lipid substrates, principally long-chain fatty acid, cholesterol, and other...
Interstitial fluid and lymph formation and transport: physiological regulation and roles in inflammation and cancer [0.03%]
间质液和淋巴的生成与转运：生理调节及其在炎症和癌症中的作用
Helge Wiig,Melody A Swartz
Helge Wiig
The interstitium describes the fluid, proteins, solutes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that comprise the cellular microenvironment in tissues. Its alterations are fundamental to changes in cell function in inflammation, pathogenesis, a...
Adaptive and maladaptive cardiorespiratory responses to continuous and intermittent hypoxia mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2 [0.03%]
连续低氧和间歇性低氧介导的适应性和非适应性心肺反应与缺氧诱导因子1和2有关
Nanduri R Prabhakar,Gregg L Semenza
Nanduri R Prabhakar
Hypoxia is a fundamental stimulus that impacts cells, tissues, organs, and physiological systems. The discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and subsequent identification of other members of the HIF family of transcriptional activa...
Michelle L James,Sanjiv S Gambhir
Michelle L James
Molecular imaging is revolutionizing the way we study the inner workings of the human body, diagnose diseases, approach drug design, and assess therapies. The field as a whole is making possible the visualization of complex biochemical proc...
Physiological implications of hydrogen sulfide: a whiff exploration that blossomed [0.03%]
氢硫化物的生理作用：从初步探索到全面开花结果
Rui Wang
Rui Wang
The important life-supporting role of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has evolved from bacteria to plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and finally to mammals. Over the centuries, however, H(2)S had only been known for its toxicity and environmenta...
Nuclear hormone receptors enable macrophages and dendritic cells to sense their lipid environment and shape their immune response [0.03%]
核激素受体使巨噬细胞和树突状细胞能够感知其脂质环境并塑造免疫反应
Laszlo Nagy,Attila Szanto,Istvan Szatmari et al.
Laszlo Nagy et al.
A key issue in the immune system is to generate specific cell types, often with opposing activities. The mechanisms of differentiation and subtype specification of immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are critical to underst...
Mammalian MAPK signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation: a 10-year update [0.03%]
应激和炎症激活的哺乳动物MAPK信号通路进展（2010年更新）
John M Kyriakis,Joseph Avruch
John M Kyriakis
The mammalian stress-activated families of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were first elucidated in 1994, and by 2001, substantial progress had been made in identifying the architecture of the pathways upstream of these kinases as...