Kenton M Sanders,Sean M Ward,Sang Don Koh
Kenton M Sanders
Smooth muscles are complex tissues containing a variety of cells in addition to muscle cells. Interstitial cells of mesenchymal origin interact with and form electrical connectivity with smooth muscle cells in many organs, and these cells p...
Physiological functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β [0.03%]
peroxisome proliferator激活受体β的生理功能研究进展
Jaap G Neels,Paul A Grimaldi
Jaap G Neels
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ, are a family of transcription factors activated by a diversity of molecules including fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. PPARs regulate the transcription of a...
Maija Bry,Riikka Kivelä,Veli-Matti Leppänen et al.
Maija Bry et al.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B), discovered over 15 years ago, has long been seen as one of the more ambiguous members of the VEGF family. VEGF-B is produced as two isoforms: one that binds strongly to heparan sulfate in the p...
Vyacheslav M Labunskyy,Dolph L Hatfield,Vadim N Gladyshev
Vyacheslav M Labunskyy
Selenium is an essential micronutrient with important functions in human health and relevance to several pathophysiological conditions. The biological effects of selenium are largely mediated by selenium-containing proteins (selenoproteins)...
Glial cells as progenitors and stem cells: new roles in the healthy and diseased brain [0.03%]
胶质细胞作为前体和干细胞：健康与患病大脑中的新角色
Leda Dimou,Magdalena Götz
Leda Dimou
The diverse functions of glial cells prompt the question to which extent specific subtypes may be devoted to a specific function. We discuss this by reviewing one of the most recently discovered roles of glial cells, their function as neura...
Cortical mechanisms underlying the organization of goal-directed actions and mirror neuron-based action understanding [0.03%]
与目标导向行为及其镜像神经元作用机制有关的皮层机制
Giacomo Rizzolatti,Luigi Cattaneo,Maddalena Fabbri-Destro et al.
Giacomo Rizzolatti et al.
Our understanding of the functions of motor system evolved remarkably in the last 20 years. This is the consequence not only of an increase in the amount of data on this system but especially of a paradigm shift in our conceptualization of ...
Cardiac potassium channel subtypes: new roles in repolarization and arrhythmia [0.03%]
心脏钾通道亚型：复极化和心律失常中的新作用
Nicole Schmitt,Morten Grunnet,Søren-Peter Olesen
Nicole Schmitt
About 10 distinct potassium channels in the heart are involved in shaping the action potential. Some of the K+ channels are primarily responsible for early repolarization, whereas others drive late repolarization and still others are open t...
Ildiko Szabo,Mario Zoratti
Ildiko Szabo
The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and cell biology to cla...
Sialic acids in the brain: gangliosides and polysialic acid in nervous system development, stability, disease, and regeneration [0.03%]
脑中的唾液酸：糖神经磷脂和多聚唾液酸在神经系统发育、稳态、疾病及再生中的作用
Ronald L Schnaar,Rita Gerardy-Schahn,Herbert Hildebrandt
Ronald L Schnaar
Every cell in nature carries a rich surface coat of glycans, its glycocalyx, which constitutes the cell's interface with its environment. In eukaryotes, the glycocalyx is composed of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, the compos...
Nicoletta Pedemonte,Luis J V Galietta
Nicoletta Pedemonte
TMEM16 proteins, also known as anoctamins, are involved in a variety of functions that include ion transport, phospholipid scrambling, and regulation of other membrane proteins. The first two members of the family, TMEM16A (anoctamin-1, ANO...