Stefano Piccolo,Sirio Dupont,Michelangelo Cordenonsi
Stefano Piccolo
The transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ are the focus of intense interest given their remarkable biological properties in development, tissue homeostasis and cancer. YAP and TAZ activity is key for the growth of whole organs, for amplifi...
Neuronal SUMOylation: mechanisms, physiology, and roles in neuronal dysfunction [0.03%]
神经元SUMO化：机制、生理和在神经元功能障碍中的作用
Jeremy M Henley,Tim J Craig,Kevin A Wilkinson
Jeremy M Henley
Protein SUMOylation is a critically important posttranslational protein modification that participates in nearly all aspects of cellular physiology. In the nearly 20 years since its discovery, SUMOylation has emerged as a major regulator of...
Dynamic shaping of cellular membranes by phospholipids and membrane-deforming proteins [0.03%]
磷脂和变形蛋白对细胞膜的动态调控作用
Shiro Suetsugu,Shusaku Kurisu,Tadaomi Takenawa
Shiro Suetsugu
All cellular compartments are separated from the external environment by a membrane, which consists of a lipid bilayer. Subcellular structures, including clathrin-coated pits, caveolae, filopodia, lamellipodia, podosomes, and other intracel...
Bone development and mineral homeostasis in the fetus and neonate: roles of the calciotropic and phosphotropic hormones [0.03%]
胎儿和新生儿骨发育及矿质稳态：钙磷调节激素的作用
Christopher S Kovacs
Christopher S Kovacs
Mineral and bone metabolism are regulated differently in utero compared with the adult. The fetal kidneys, intestines, and skeleton are not dominant sources of mineral supply for the fetus. Instead, the placenta meets the fetal need for min...
F A Russell,R King,S-J Smillie et al.
F A Russell et al.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide. Discovered 30 years ago, it is produced as a consequence of alternative RNA processing of the calcitonin gene. CGRP has two major forms (α and β). It belongs to a gro...
Astrocyte reactivity and reactive astrogliosis: costs and benefits [0.03%]
astrocyte反应性与反应性星形胶质细胞增生：优缺点
Milos Pekny,Marcela Pekna
Milos Pekny
Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters, as well as fulfill a wide range of other homeostasis maintaining functions. During the past two decades, astrocyte...
Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology? [0.03%]
早期发育对后期健康与疾病的影响：生理学还是病理生理学？
M A Hanson,P D Gluckman
M A Hanson
Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological processes associated with chronic, especially noncommunicab...
Regulation and function of adult neurogenesis: from genes to cognition [0.03%]
成年神经发生的功能和调控：从基因到认知功能
James B Aimone,Yan Li,Star W Lee et al.
James B Aimone et al.
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is a notable process due not only to its uniqueness and potential impact on cognition but also to its localized vertical integration of different scales of neuroscience, ranging from molecular and cellu...
Robert Fettiplace,Kyunghee X Kim
Robert Fettiplace
Much is known about the mechanotransducer (MT) channels mediating transduction in hair cells of the vertrbrate inner ear. With the use of isolated preparations, it is experimentally feasible to deliver precise mechanical stimuli to individu...
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release [0.03%]
线粒体反应性氧类物质（ROS）和由ROS诱导的ROS释放
Dmitry B Zorov,Magdalena Juhaszova,Steven J Sollott
Dmitry B Zorov
Byproducts of normal mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis include the buildup of potentially damaging levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca(2+), etc., which must be normalized. Evidence suggests that brief mitochondrial permeabili...