Yiqiang Zhang,John Mignone,W Robb MacLellan
Yiqiang Zhang
After decades of believing the heart loses the ability to regenerate soon after birth, numerous studies are now reporting that the adult heart may indeed be capable of regeneration, although the magnitude of new cardiac myocyte formation va...
Joël Bockaert,Philippe Marin
Joël Bockaert
TOR (target of rapamycin) and its mammalian ortholog mTOR have been discovered in an effort to understand the mechanisms of action of the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin extracted from a bacterium of the Easter Island (Rapa Nui) soil. mTOR...
The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore: Channel Formation by F-ATP Synthase, Integration in Signal Transduction, and Role in Pathophysiology [0.03%]
线粒体过渡性孔道：F型ATP合酶形成通道、信号转导中的作用及其病理生理学意义
Paolo Bernardi,Andrea Rasola,Michael Forte et al.
Paolo Bernardi et al.
The mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a permeability increase of the inner mitochondrial membrane mediated by a channel, the permeability transition pore (PTP). After a brief historical introduction, we cover the key regulatory ...
O Friedrich,M B Reid,G Van den Berghe et al.
O Friedrich et al.
Critical illness polyneuropathies (CIP) and myopathies (CIM) are common complications of critical illness. Several weakness syndromes are summarized under the term intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW). We propose a classification o...
Takashi Namba,Yasuhiro Funahashi,Shinichi Nakamuta et al.
Takashi Namba et al.
Neurons are one of the highly polarized cells in the body. One of the fundamental issues in neuroscience is how neurons establish their polarity; therefore, this issue fascinates many scientists. Cultured neurons are useful tools for analyz...
Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature [0.03%]
脑血管与皮层扩散性抑制和去极化现象的关系
Cenk Ayata,Martin Lauritzen
Cenk Ayata
Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is evolutionarily conserved in the central nervous systems of a wide variety o...
Wolfram Schultz
Wolfram Schultz
Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implem...
Mechanisms Regulating Neuromuscular Junction Development and Function and Causes of Muscle Wasting [0.03%]
神经肌肉接头发生和功能的调节机制及肌肉萎缩的原因
Lionel A Tintignac,Hans-Rudolf Brenner,Markus A Rüegg
Lionel A Tintignac
The neuromuscular junction is the chemical synapse between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers. It is designed to reliably convert the action potential from the presynaptic motor neuron into the contraction of the postsynaptic muscle f...
Yuko Hara,Elizabeth M Waters,Bruce S McEwen et al.
Yuko Hara et al.
Estrogen facilitates higher cognitive functions by exerting effects on brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Estrogen induces spinogenesis and synaptogenesis in these two brain regions and also initiates a complex set...
The Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Roles of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis and Metabolism [0.03%]
锌转运蛋白在锌稳态和代谢中的生理、生化及分子作用机制
Taiho Kambe,Tokuji Tsuji,Ayako Hashimoto et al.
Taiho Kambe et al.
Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular lev...