From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology [0.03%]
从植物源大麻素到大麻素受体和内源性大麻素：通过复杂药理学表现出多效性的生理及病理作用
Alessia Ligresti,Luciano De Petrocellis,Vincenzo Di Marzo
Alessia Ligresti
Apart from having been used and misused for at least four millennia for, among others, recreational and medicinal purposes, the cannabis plant and its most peculiar chemical components, the plant cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), have the m...
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Genetic Disease That Involves Mucociliary Dysfunction of the Peripheral Airways [0.03%]
特发性肺纤维化：涉及外周气道黏液纤毛功能障碍的遗传病
Christopher M Evans,Tasha E Fingerlin,Marvin I Schwarz et al.
Christopher M Evans et al.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable complex genetic disorder that is associated with sequence changes in 7 genes (MUC5B, TERT, TERC, RTEL1, PARN, SFTPC, and SFTPA2) and with variants in at least 11 novel loci. We have previo...
Graham J Burton,Abigail L Fowden,Kent L Thornburg
Graham J Burton
Epidemiological evidence links an individual's susceptibility to chronic disease in adult life to events during their intrauterine phase of development. Biologically this should not be unexpected, for organ systems are at their most plastic...
Anita Ayer,Abolfazl Zarjou,Anupam Agarwal et al.
Anita Ayer et al.
Heme oxygenases are composed of two isozymes, Hmox1 and Hmox2, that catalyze the degradation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin, the latter of which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. While initially consider...
David G Nicholls
David G Nicholls
The pancreatic β-cell secretes insulin in response to elevated plasma glucose. This review applies an external bioenergetic critique to the central processes of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, including glycolytic and mitochondrial m...
Primary Aldosteronism: Changing Definitions and New Concepts of Physiology and Pathophysiology Both Inside and Outside the Kidney [0.03%]
原发性醛固酮增多症：肾内外生理和病理生理的新定义与新概念
Michael Stowasser,Richard D Gordon
Michael Stowasser
In the 60 years that have passed since the discovery of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, much has been learned about its synthesis (both adrenal and extra-adrenal), regulation (by renin-angiotensin II, potassium, adrenocorticotrop...
Non-coding RNAs in Development and Disease: Background, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approaches [0.03%]
非编码RNA在发育和疾病中的作用：背景、机制及治疗策略
Julia Beermann,Maria-Teresa Piccoli,Janika Viereck et al.
Julia Beermann et al.
Advances in RNA-sequencing techniques have led to the discovery of thousands of non-coding transcripts with unknown function. There are several types of non-coding linear RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), as ...
The Inositol Trisphosphate/Calcium Signaling Pathway in Health and Disease [0.03%]
肌醇三磷酸/钙信号通路与健康和疾病
Michael J Berridge
Michael J Berridge
Many cellular functions are regulated by calcium (Ca(2+)) signals that are generated by different signaling pathways. One of these is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium (InsP3/Ca(2+)) signaling pathway that operates through either pri...
Elizabeth A Middleton,Andrew S Weyrich,Guy A Zimmerman
Elizabeth A Middleton
Platelets are essential for physiological hemostasis and are central in pathological thrombosis. These are their traditional and best known activities in health and disease. In addition, however, platelets have specializations that broaden ...
Brain Insulin Resistance at the Crossroads of Metabolic and Cognitive Disorders in Humans [0.03%]
人类脑胰岛素抵抗在代谢和认知障碍交叉路口的作用
Stephanie Kullmann,Martin Heni,Manfred Hallschmid et al.
Stephanie Kullmann et al.
Ever since the brain was identified as an insulin-sensitive organ, evidence has rapidly accumulated that insulin action in the brain produces multiple behavioral and metabolic effects, influencing eating behavior, peripheral metabolism, and...