Sperm bauplan and function and underlying processes of sperm formation and selection [0.03%]
精子结构与功能及精子发生和选择的潜在机制
Maria Eugenia Teves,Eduardo R S Roldan
Maria Eugenia Teves
The spermatozoon is a highly differentiated and polarized cell, with two main structures: the head, containing a haploid nucleus and the acrosomal exocytotic granule, and the flagellum, which generates energy and propels the cell; both stru...
Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies [0.03%]
高温下的运动：体温调节、补水、对表现的影响及缓解措施
Julien D Périard,Thijs M H Eijsvogels,Hein A M Daanen
Julien D Périard
A rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are natural consequences of prolonged exercise in the heat. This review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview of how the human body responds to exercise under h...
Alberto L Horenstein,Angelo C Faini,Fabio Malavasi
Alberto L Horenstein
This medical review addresses the hypothesis that CD38/NADase is at the center of a functional axis (i.e., intracellular Ca2+ mobilization/IFNγ response/reactive oxygen species burst) driven by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus...
A Henton,T Tzounopoulos
A Henton
Tinnitus is a pervasive public health issue that affects ∼15% of the United States population. Similar estimates have also been shown on a global scale, with similar prevalence found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The severity of tinnitus is...
Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation [0.03%]
人类脑血流调节：自动调节的生理和临床意义
Jurgen A H R Claassen,Dick H J Thijssen,Ronney B Panerai et al.
Jurgen A H R Claassen et al.
Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which c...
Massimo Mantegazza,Sandrine Cestèle,William A Catterall
Massimo Mantegazza
Voltage-gated sodium channels initiate action potentials in nerve, skeletal muscle, and other electrically excitable cells. Mutations in them cause a wide range of diseases. These channelopathy mutations affect every aspect of sodium channe...
Brian Glancy,Robert S Balaban
Brian Glancy
The design of the energy metabolism system in striated muscle remains a major area of investigation. Here, we review our current understanding and emerging hypotheses regarding the metabolic support of muscle contraction. Maintenance of ATP...
Angelia Szwed,Eugene Kim,Estela Jacinto
Angelia Szwed
Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism is a highly controlled process that involves cross talk bet...
John O&#x;Keefe,Julija Krupic
John O&#x;Keefe
There are currently a number of theories of rodent hippocampal function. They fall into two major groups that differ in the role they impute to space in hippocampal information processing. On one hand, the cognitive map theory sees space as...
Carotid body chemoreceptors: physiology, pathology, and implications for health and disease [0.03%]
颈动脉体化学感受器：生理、病理及对健康和疾病的影响
Rodrigo Iturriaga,Julio Alcayaga,Mark W Chapleau et al.
Rodrigo Iturriaga et al.
The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2 and CO2 and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to maintain homeostasis. This review examines the fundamental b...