Willis K Samson,Gina L C Yosten,Carol Ann Remme
Willis K Samson
Jesus Delgado-Calle,Teresita Bellido
Jesus Delgado-Calle
Osteocytes, former osteoblasts encapsulated by mineralized bone matrix, are far from being passive and metabolically inactive bone cells. Instead, osteocytes are multifunctional and dynamic cells capable of integrating hormonal and mechanic...
Adam Ramzy,Timothy J Kieffer
Adam Ramzy
Peptide hormones are first produced as larger precursor prohormones that require endoproteolytic cleavage to liberate the mature hormones. A structurally conserved but functionally distinct family of nine prohormone convertase enzymes (PCs)...
Calcium-release channels: structure and function of IP3 receptors and ryanodine receptors [0.03%]
钙释放通道：IP3受体和ryanodine受体的结构与功能
Kellie A Woll,Filip Van Petegem
Kellie A Woll
Ca2+-release channels are giant membrane proteins that control the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The two members, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), are evolutio...
Rosa Cossart,Roustem Khazipov
Rosa Cossart
In mammals, the selective transformation of transient experience into stored memory occurs in the hippocampus, which develops representations of specific events in the context in which they occur. In this review, we focus on the development...
John J Tukker,Prateep Beed,Michael Brecht et al.
John J Tukker et al.
The hippocampal formation is critically involved in learning and memory and contains a large proportion of neurons encoding aspects of the organism's spatial surroundings. In the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), this includes grid cells with...
Principles of odor coding in vertebrates and artificial chemosensory systems [0.03%]
脊椎动物和人工化学感受系统中的气味编码原则
Ivan Manzini,Detlev Schild,Corrado Di Natale
Ivan Manzini
The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory systems have led to various artificial olfactory systems usin...
Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications [0.03%]
肥胖性心肌病：证据、机制及治疗意义
Jun Ren,Ne N Wu,Shuyi Wang et al.
Jun Ren et al.
The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence supports the e...
The roles of calcium and ATP in the physiology and pathology of the exocrine pancreas [0.03%]
钙和ATP在胰腺外分泌生理和病理中的作用
Ole H Petersen,Julia V Gerasimenko,Oleg V Gerasimenko et al.
Ole H Petersen et al.
This review deals with the roles of calcium ions and ATP in the control of the normal functions of the different cell types in the exocrine pancreas as well as the roles of these molecules in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Repet...
Martin Kaag Rasmussen,Humberto Mestre,Maiken Nedergaard
Martin Kaag Rasmussen
The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while homeostatic functions predominate during sleep. The blood-brain b...