K Guadalupe Cruz,Yi Ning Leow,Nhat Minh Le et al.
K Guadalupe Cruz et al.
Flexibly selecting appropriate actions in response to complex, ever-changing environments requires both cortical and subcortical regions, which are typically described as participating in a strict hierarchy. In this traditional view, highly...
Lymphatic vessels in cancer [0.03%]
癌症中的淋巴管
Lothar C Dieterich,Carlotta Tacconi,Luca Ducoli et al.
Lothar C Dieterich et al.
The lymphatic system, composed of initial and collecting lymphatic vessels as well as lymph nodes that are present in almost every tissue of the human body, acts as an essential transport system for fluids, biomolecules, and cells between p...
Human temperature regulation under heat stress in health, disease, and injury [0.03%]
健康、疾病和损伤状态下人体热应力的体温调节机制研究进展
Matthew N Cramer,Daniel Gagnon,Orlando Laitano et al.
Matthew N Cramer et al.
The human body constantly exchanges heat with the environment. Temperature regulation is a homeostatic feedback control system that ensures deep body temperature is maintained within narrow limits despite wide variations in environmental co...
Evolution of the diagnostic value of "the sugar of the blood": hitting the sweet spot to identify alterations in glucose dynamics [0.03%]
血糖的诊断价值演变：寻找识别糖代谢异常的最佳阈值
Faidon Magkos,Dominic N Reeds,Bettina Mittendorfer
Faidon Magkos
In this paper, we provide an overview of the evolution of the definition of hyperglycemia during the past century and the alterations in glucose dynamics that cause fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. We discuss how extensive mechanisti...
The superoxide radical switch in the biology of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite [0.03%]
超氧阴离子自由基在 NO 和 ONOO- 生物学中的转换作用
Lucía Piacenza,Ari Zeida,Madia Trujillo et al.
Lucía Piacenza et al.
The free radical nitric oxide (·NO) is a key mediator in different physiological processes such as vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, and cellular immune responses, and thus preserving its bioavailability is essential. In sever...
Understanding COVID-19 susceptibility and presentation based on its underlying physiology [0.03%]
基于生理学理解COVID-19的易感性和表现形式
Shama Ahmad,Sadis Matalon,Wolfgang M Kuebler
Shama Ahmad
Hannah M Costello,Jermaine G Johnston,Alexandria Juffre et al.
Hannah M Costello et al.
An intrinsic cellular circadian clock is located in nearly every cell of the body. The peripheral circadian clocks within the cells of the kidney contribute to the regulation of a variety of renal processes. In this review, we summarize wha...
Jonathan K Alder,Mary Armanios
Jonathan K Alder
Parenchymal lung disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States; among the top causes, it continues on the rise. Telomeres and telomerase have historically been linked to cellular processes related to aging and cancer, bu...
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: structure, signaling, physiology, and pathophysiology [0.03%]
黏附G蛋白偶联受体：结构、信号转导、生理和病理生理学
Trisha Lala,Randy A Hall
Trisha Lala
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (AGPCRs) are a family of 33 receptors in humans exhibiting a conserved general structure but diverse expression patterns and physiological functions. The large NH2 termini characteristic of AGPCRs confer...
Mohamed A Eldeeb,Rhalena A Thomas,Mohamed A Ragheb et al.
Mohamed A Eldeeb et al.
As a central hub for cellular metabolism and intracellular signaling, the mitochondrion is a pivotal organelle, dysfunction of which has been linked to several human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders and in particular Parkinson...