Examining the shared etiology of psychopathology with genome-wide association studies [0.03%]
使用全基因组关联研究探讨精神病理的共同病因
Travis T Mallard,Andrew D Grotzinger,Jordan W Smoller
Travis T Mallard
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have ushered in a new era of reproducible discovery in psychiatric genetics. The field has now identified hundreds of common genetic variants that are associated with mental disorders, and many of the...
Regula Furrer,John A Hawley,Christoph Handschin
Regula Furrer
Human skeletal muscle demonstrates remarkable plasticity, adapting to numerous external stimuli including the habitual level of contractile loading. Accordingly, muscle function and exercise capacity encompass a broad spectrum, from inactiv...
Comparative physiological anthropogeny: exploring molecular underpinnings of distinctly human phenotypes [0.03%]
比较生理人类学：探索明显人性状的分子基础
Michael Vaill,Kunio Kawanishi,Nissi Varki et al.
Michael Vaill et al.
Anthropogeny is a classic term encompassing transdisciplinary investigations of the origins of the human species. Comparative anthropogeny is a systematic comparison of humans and other living nonhuman hominids (so-called "great apes"), aim...
Vascular mechanotransduction [0.03%]
血管力学传导
Michael J Davis,Scott Earley,Yi-Shuan Li et al.
Michael J Davis et al.
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the...
The enteric nervous system [0.03%]
肠神经系统
Keith A Sharkey,Gary M Mawe
Keith A Sharkey
Of all the organ systems in the body, the gastrointestinal tract is the most complicated in terms of the numbers of structures involved, each with different functions, and the numbers and types of signaling molecules utilized. The digestion...
CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond [0.03%]
CGRP的生理、药理及治疗靶点：从偏头痛扩展至其他疾病
Andrew F Russo,Debbie L Hay
Andrew F Russo
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory neurons as well as in other cell types, such as motor neurons an...
The elusive cephalic phase insulin response: triggers, mechanisms, and functions [0.03%]
难以捉摸的头部阶段胰岛素反应：触发因素，机制及作用
Wolfgang Langhans,Alan G Watts,Alan C Spector
Wolfgang Langhans
The cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR) is classically defined as a head receptor-induced early release of insulin during eating that precedes a postabsorptive rise in blood glucose. Here we discuss, first, the various stimuli that elici...
Pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: role of membrane receptors, ion channels, and Ca2+ signaling [0.03%]
肺动脉高压的病理生理和致病机制：膜受体、离子通道和钙信号的作用
Angela Balistrieri,Ayako Makino,Jason X-J Yuan
Angela Balistrieri
The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a function of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistanc...
Máire E Doyle,Hasitha U Premathilake,Qin Yao et al.
Máire E Doyle et al.
The tongue is a complex multifunctional organ that interacts and senses both interoceptively and exteroceptively. Although it is easily visible to almost all of us, it is relatively understudied and what is in the literature is often contra...
Rosario B Jaime-Lara,Brianna E Brooks,Carlotta Vizioli et al.
Rosario B Jaime-Lara et al.
Taste and smell play a key role in our ability to perceive foods. Overconsumption of highly palatable energy-dense foods can lead to increased caloric intake and obesity. Thus there is growing interest in the study of the biological mediato...