Heather A Clark,Suzanne M Snedeker
Heather A Clark
Ochratoxin A (OA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin known to contaminate a variety of foods and beverages. The cancer risk posed by OA was reviewed as relevant to human exposure, regulatory activities, and risk management efforts occurring...
Development and application of acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for chemical warfare nerve and sulfur mustard agents [0.03%]
化学战神经毒剂和硫芥毒剂急性暴露指南值(AEGLs)的制定及应用研究进展
Annetta Watson,Dennis Opresko,Robert Young et al.
Annetta Watson et al.
Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) have been developed for the chemical warfare agents GB, GA, GD, GF, VX, and sulfur mustard. These AEGLs were approved by the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardo...
Human response to dioxin: aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) molecular structure, function, and dose-response data for enzyme induction indicate an impaired human AhR [0.03%]
二恶英对人的毒性作用：具有损伤的类芳香烃受体（AhR）分子结构、功能及其与诱导酶活性剂量反应关系的证据
Kevin T Connor,Lesa L Aylward
Kevin T Connor
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates nearly all studied adverse effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and many related compounds. Binding of TCDD or related ligands to AhR is the key initiating event in downstream bi...
Identifying soil cleanup criteria for dioxins in urban residential soils: how have 20 years of research and risk assessment experience affected the analysis? [0.03%]
城市居民用地土壤二噁英类污染物场地修复标准的制定：二十年研究与风险评估经验的影响分析
Dennis J Paustenbach,Kurt Fehling,Paul Scott et al.
Dennis J Paustenbach et al.
This article reviews the scientific evidence and methodologies that have been used to assess the risks posed by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and presents a probabilistic analysis for identifying virtually safe concentrations o...
The speciation of metals in mammals influences their toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and therefore human health risk assessment [0.03%]
生物体内金属元素的价态影响其毒代动力学和毒效应，因此需要考虑其对人类健康风险评估的影响
Robert A Yokel,Stephen M Lasley,David C Dorman
Robert A Yokel
Chemical form (i.e., species) can influence metal toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and should be considered to improve human health risk assessment. Factors that influence metal speciation (and examples) include: (1) carrier-mediated proce...
Modeling and separation-detection methods to evaluate the speciation of metals for toxicity assessment [0.03%]
用于毒性评估的金属赋存形式评价模型及分离检测方法研究进展
Joseph A Caruso,Rodolfo G Wuilloud,Jorgelina C Altamirano et al.
Joseph A Caruso et al.
There is an increasing appreciation for the importance of speciation in the assessment of metal toxicity. In this review, two approaches to speciation are discussed, with an emphasis on their application to biological samples. One approach ...
Maureen R Gwinn,Val Vallyathan
Maureen R Gwinn
Alveolar macrophages play an important role in defense against airborne pathogens and particles. These macrophages respond through both the adaptive and acquired immune responses, and through the activation of a multitude of signaling pathw...
The comparative immunotoxicity of five selected compounds following developmental or adult exposure [0.03%]
五种化合物在发育期或成人期暴露后的免疫毒性比较分析
Robert W Luebke,David H Chen,Rodney Dietert et al.
Robert W Luebke et al.
It is well established that human diseases associated with abnormal immune function, including some common infectious diseases and asthma, are considerably more prevalent at younger ages. Although not established absolutely, it is generally...